UNIX Power Tools, 3rd Edition

1611 Pages·2013·9.59 MB·English

UNIX Power Tools, 3rd Edition

Table of Contents

A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
How to Use This Book
Preface

A Book for Browsing
Like an Almanac
Like a News Magazine
Like a Hypertext Database
Programs on the Web
About Unix Versions
Cross-References
What's New in the Third Edition
Typefaces and Other Conventions
The Authors
The Fine Print
Request for Comments
Acknowledgments for the First Edition
Acknowledgments for the Second Edition
Acknowledgments for the Third Edition

I. Basic Unix Environment

1. Introduction

1.1. What's Special About Unix?
1.2. Power Grows on You
1.3. The Core of Unix
1.4. Communication with Unix
1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
1.6. There Are Many Shells
1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?
1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell
1.9. Internal and External Commands
1.10. The Kernel and Daemons
1.11. Filenames
1.12. Filename Extensions
1.13. Wildcards
1.14. The Tree Structure of the Filesystem
1.15. Your Home Directory
1.16. Making Pathnames
1.17. File Access Permissions
1.18. The Superuser (Root)
1.19. When Is a File Not a File?
1.20. Scripting
1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

1.22. The X Window System

2. Getting Help

2.1. The man Command
2.2. whatis: One-Line Command Summaries
2.3. whereis: Finding Where a Command Is Located
2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages
2.5. How Unix Systems Remember Their Names
2.6. Which Version Am I Using?
2.7. What tty Am I On?
2.8. Who's On?
2.9. The info Command

II. Customizing Your Environment

3. Setting Up Your Unix Shell

3.1. What Happens When You Log In
3.2. The Mac OS X Terminal Application
3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why
3.4. Login Shells, Interactive Shells

3.4.1. Login Shells
3.4.2. Interactive Shells

3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?
3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready
3.7. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files
3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?
3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test
3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
3.11. Terminal Setup: Testing TERM
3.12. Terminal Setup: Testing Remote Hostname and X Display
3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port
3.14. Terminal Setup: Testing Environment Variables
3.15. Terminal Setup: Searching Terminal Table
3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size
3.17. Terminal Setup: Setting and Testing Window Name
3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup
3.19. Making a "Login" Shell
3.20. RC Files
3.21. Make Your Own Manpages Without Learning troff
3.22. Writing a Simple Manpage with the -man Macros

4. Interacting with Your Environment

4.1. Basics of Setting the Prompt
4.2. Static Prompts
4.3. Dynamic Prompts
4.4. Simulating Dynamic Prompts
4.5. C-Shell Prompt Causes Problems in vi, rsh, etc.
4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins
4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts

4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line
4.9. A "Menu Prompt" for Naive Users
4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts
4.11. Right-Side Prompts
4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL
4.13. What Good Is a Blank Shell Prompt?
4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd
4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables
4.16. Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands
4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out
4.18. Running Commands at Bourne/Korn Shell Logout
4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts

5. Getting the Most out of Terminals, xterm, and X Windows

5.1. There's a Lot to Know About Terminals
5.2. The Idea of a Terminal Database
5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In
5.4. Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm
5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize
5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

5.6.1. Output Stopped?
5.6.2. Job Stopped?
5.6.3. Program Waiting for Input?
5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?
5.6.5. Aborting Programs

5.7. Find Out Terminal Settings with stty
5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters
5.9. Working with xterm and Friends
5.10. Login xterms and rxvts
5.11. Working with Scrollbars
5.12. How Many Lines to Save?
5.13. Simple Copy and Paste in xterm
5.14. Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes
5.15. Setting the Titlebar and Icon Text
5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font
5.17. The xterm Menus
5.18. Changing Fonts Dynamically

5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu
5.18.2. Enabling Escape Sequence and Selection

5.19. Working with xclipboard
5.20. Problems with Large Selections
5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows
5.22. Running a Single Command with xterm -e
5.23. Don't Quote Arguments to xterm -e

6. Your X Environment

6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

6.2. Using xev to Learn Keysym Mappings
6.3. X Resource Syntax
6.4. X Event Translations
6.5. Setting X Resources: Overview
6.6. Setting Resources with the -xrm Option
6.7. How -name Affects Resources
6.8. Setting Resources with xrdb
6.9. Listing the Current Resources for a Client: appres
6.10. Starting Remote X Clients

6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins
6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

III. Working with Files and Directories

7. Directory Organization

7.1. What? Me, Organized?
7.2. Many Homes
7.3. Access to Directories
7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts
7.5. Private (Personal) Directories
7.6. Naming Files
7.7. Make More Directories!
7.8. Making Directories Made Easier

8. Directories and Files

8.1. Everything but the find Command
8.2. The Three Unix File Times
8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R
8.5. The ls -d Option
8.6. Color ls

8.6.1. Trying It
8.6.2. Configuring It
8.6.3. The -- color Option
8.6.4. Another color ls

8.7. Some GNU ls Features
8.8. A csh Alias to List Recently Changed Files
8.9. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a
8.10. Useful ls Aliases
8.11. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name
8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames
8.13. Counting Files by Types
8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size
8.15. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File
8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links
8.17. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically

9. Finding Files with find

9.1. How to Use find

9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree
9.3. Don't Forget -print
9.4. Looking for Files with Particular Names
9.5. Searching for Old Files
9.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
9.7. The Times That find Finds
9.8. Exact File-Time Comparisons
9.9. Running Commands on What You Find
9.10. Using -exec to Create Custom Tests
9.11. Custom -exec Tests Applied
9.12. Finding Many Things with One Command
9.13. Searching for Files by Type
9.14. Searching for Files by Size
9.15. Searching for Files by Permission
9.16. Searching by Owner and Group
9.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree
9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases
9.19. Wildcards with "Fast find" Database
9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database
9.21. grepping a Directory Tree
9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word?
9.23. Using Shell Arrays to Browse Directories

9.23.1. Using the Stored Lists
9.23.2. Expanding Ranges

9.24. Finding the (Hard) Links to a File
9.25. Finding Files with -prune
9.26. Quick finds in the Current Directory
9.27. Skipping Parts of a Tree in find
9.28. Keeping find from Searching Networked Filesystem

10. Linking, Renaming, and Copying Files

10.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files
10.2. What's Really in a Directory?
10.3. Files with Two or More Names
10.4. More About Links

10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
10.4.2. Links to a Directory

10.5. Creating and Removing Links
10.6. Stale Symbolic Links
10.7. Linking Directories
10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links
10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
10.10. Renaming a List of Files Interactively
10.11. One More Way to Do It
10.12. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r
10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

11. Comparing Files

11.1. Checking Differences with diff
11.2. Comparing Three Different Versions with diff3
11.3. Context diffs
11.4. Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff
11.5. Choosing Sides with sdiff
11.6. Problems with diff and Tabstops
11.7. cmp and diff
11.8. Comparing Two Files with comm
11.9. More Friendly comm Output
11.10. make Isn't Just for Programmers!
11.11. Even More Uses for make

12. Showing What's in a File

12.1. Cracking the Nut
12.2. What Good Is a cat?
12.3. "less" is More
12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c
12.5. What's in That Whitespace?
12.6. Finding File Types
12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines
12.8. How to Look at the End of a File: tail
12.9. Finer Control on tail
12.10. How to Look at Files as They Grow
12.11. GNU tail File Following
12.12. Printing the Top of a File
12.13. Numbering Lines

13. Searching Through Files

13.1. Different Versions of grep
13.2. Searching for Text with grep
13.3. Finding Text That Doesn't Match
13.4. Extended Searching for Text with egrep
13.5. grepping for a List of Patterns
13.6. Approximate grep: agrep
13.7. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep

13.7.1. rcsgrep, rcsegrep, rcsfgrep
13.7.2. rcsegrep.fast

13.8. GNU Context greps
13.9. A Multiline Context grep Using sed
13.10. Compound Searches
13.11. Narrowing a Search Quickly
13.12. Faking Case-Insensitive Searches
13.13. Finding a Character in a Column
13.14. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
13.15. Finding Words Inside Binary Files
13.16. A Highlighting grep

14. Removing Files

14.1. The Cycle of Creation and Destruction
14.2. How Unix Keeps Track of Files: Inodes
14.3. rm and Its Dangers
14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer
14.5. Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes
14.6. Remove Some, Leave Some
14.7. A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively
14.8. Safer File Deletion in Some Directories
14.9. Safe Delete: Pros and Cons
14.10. Deletion with Prejudice: rm -f
14.11. Deleting Files with Odd Names
14.12. Using Wildcards to Delete Files with Strange Names
14.13. Handling a Filename Starting with a Dash (-)
14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name
14.15. Removing a Strange File by its i-number
14.16. Problems Deleting Directories
14.17. Deleting Stale Files
14.18. Removing Every File but One
14.19. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files

15. Optimizing Disk Space

15.1. Disk Space Is Cheap
15.2. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It
15.3. Save Space with "Bit Bucket" Log Files and Mailboxes
15.4. Save Space with a Link
15.5. Limiting File Sizes

15.5.1. limit and ulimit
15.5.2. Other Ideas

15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space
15.7. Save Space: tar and compress a Directory Tree
15.8. How Much Disk Space?
15.9. Compressing a Directory Tree: Fine-Tuning
15.10. Save Space in Executable Files with strip
15.11. Disk Quotas

IV. Basic Editing

16. Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis

16.1. The Unix spell Command
16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell
16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?
16.4. Inside spell
16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc
16.7. Find a a Doubled Word
16.8. Looking for Closure
16.9. Just the Words, Please

17. vi Tips and Tricks

17.1. The vi Editor: Why So Much Material?
17.2. What We Cover
17.3. Editing Multiple Files with vi
17.4. Edits Between Files
17.5. Local Settings for vi
17.6. Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text
17.7. Get Back What You Deleted with Numbered Buffers
17.8. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands

17.8.1. Global Searches

17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi
17.10. Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File
17.11. Saving Part of a File
17.12. Appending to an Existing File
17.13. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns
17.14. Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches)
17.15. Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps
17.16. Capitalizing Every Word on a Line
17.17. Per-File Setups in Separate Files
17.18. Filtering Text Through a Unix Command
17.19. vi File Recovery Versus Networked Filesystems
17.20. Be Careful with vi -r Recovered Buffers
17.21. Shell Escapes: Running One UnixCommand While Using Another
17.22. vi Compound Searches
17.23. vi Word Abbreviation
17.24. Using vi Abbreviations as Commands (Cut and Paste Between vi's)
17.25. Fixing Typos with vi Abbreviations
17.26. vi Line Commands Versus Character Commands
17.27. Out of Temporary Space? Use Another Directory
17.28. Neatening Lines
17.29. Finding Your Place with Undo
17.30. Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

18. Creating Custom Commands in vi

18.1. Why Type More Than You Have To?
18.2. Save Time and Typing with the vi map Commands

18.2.1. Command Mode Maps
18.2.2. Text-Input Mode Maps

18.3. What You Lose When You Use map!
18.4. vi @-Functions

18.4.1. Defining and Using Simple @-Functions
18.4.2. Combining @-Functions
18.4.3. Reusing a Definition
18.4.4. Newlines in an @-Function

18.5. Keymaps for Pasting into a Window Running vi
18.6. Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex

18.7. Maps for Repeated Edits
18.8. More Examples of Mapping Keys in vi
18.9. Repeating a vi Keymap
18.10. Typing in Uppercase Without CAPS LOCK
18.11. Text-Input Mode Cursor Motion with No Arrow Keys
18.12. Don't Lose Important Functions with vi Maps: Use noremap
18.13. vi Macro for Splitting Long Lines
18.14. File-Backup Macros

19. GNU Emacs

19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor
19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List
19.3. Customizations and How to Avoid Them
19.4. Backup and Auto-Save Files
19.5. Putting Emacs in Overwrite Mode
19.6. Command Completion
19.7. Mike's Favorite Timesavers
19.8. Rational Searches
19.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs
19.10. Inserting Binary Characters into Files
19.11. Using Word-Abbreviation Mode

19.11.1. Trying Word Abbreviations for One Session
19.11.2. Making Word Abbreviations Part of Your Startup

19.12. Directories for Emacs Hacks
19.13. An Absurd Amusement

20. Batch Editing

20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs
20.2. Writing Editing Scripts
20.3. Line Addressing
20.4. Useful ex Commands
20.5. Running Editing Scripts Within vi
20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One
20.7. ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example
20.8. Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Fail on Big Files
20.9. patch: Generalized Updating of Files That Differ
20.10. Quick Reference: awk

20.10.1. Command-Line Syntax
20.10.2. Patterns and Procedures
20.10.3. awk System Variables
20.10.4. Operators
20.10.5. Variables and Array Assignments
20.10.6. Group Listing of awk Commands
20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

20.11. Versions of awk

21. You Can't Quite Call This Editing

21.1. And Why Not?

21.2. Neatening Text with fmt
21.3. Alternatives to fmt
21.4. Clean Up Program Comment Blocks

21.4.1. The recomment Script
21.4.2. fmt -p

21.5. Remove Mail/News Headers with behead
21.6. Low-Level File Butchery with dd
21.7. offset: Indent Text
21.8. Centering Lines in a File
21.9. Splitting Files at Fixed Points: split
21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit
21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr
21.12. Encoding "Binary" Files into ASCII

21.12.1. uuencoding
21.12.2. MIME Encoding

21.13. Text Conversion with dd
21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields
21.15. Making Text in Columns with pr

21.15.1. One File per Column: -m
21.15.2. One File, Several Columns: -number
21.15.3. Order Lines Across Columns: -l

21.16. Make Columns Automatically with column
21.17. Straightening Jagged Columns
21.18. Pasting Things in Columns
21.19. Joining Lines with join
21.20. What Is (or Isn't) Unique?
21.21. Rotating Text

22. Sorting

22.1. Putting Things in Order
22.2. Sort Fields: How sort Sorts
22.3. Changing the sort Field Delimiter
22.4. Confusion with Whitespace Field Delimiters
22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting
22.6. Miscellaneous sort Hints

22.6.1. Dealing with Repeated Lines
22.6.2. Ignoring Blanks
22.6.3. Case-Insensitive Sorts
22.6.4. Dictionary Order
22.6.5. Month Order
22.6.6. Reverse Sort

22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length
22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name

V. Processes and the Kernel

23. Job Control

23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

23.2. Job Control Basics

23.2.1. How Job Control Works
23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell

23.3. Using jobs Effectively
23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control
23.5. The "Current Job" Isn't Always What You Expect
23.6. Job Control and autowrite: Real Timesavers!
23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs
23.8. Notification When Jobs Change State
23.9. Stop Background Output with stty tostop
23.10. nohup
23.11. Disowning Processes
23.12. Linux Virtual Consoles

23.12.1. What Are They?
23.12.2. Scrolling, Using a Mouse

23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions

24. Starting, Stopping, and Killing Processes

24.1. What's in This Chapter
24.2. fork and exec
24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
24.4. Subshells
24.5. The ps Command
24.6. The Controlling Terminal
24.7. Tracking Down Processes

24.7.1. System V
24.7.2. BSD

24.8. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses
24.9. The /proc Filesystem

24.9.1. Memory Information
24.9.2. Kernel and System Statistics
24.9.3. Statistics of the Current Process
24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID
24.9.5. A Glimpse at Hardware

24.10. What Are Signals?
24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs
24.12. Destroying Processes with kill
24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script
24.14. Killing All Your Processes
24.15. Killing Processes by Name?
24.16. Kill Processes Interactively

24.16.1. killall -i
24.16.2. zap

24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them
24.18. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process
24.19. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie

24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window
24.21. Terminal Windows Without Shells
24.22. Close a Window by Killing Its Process(es)

24.22.1. Example #1: An xterm Window
24.22.2. Example #2: A Web Browser
24.22.3. Closing a Window from a Shell Script

25. Delayed Execution

25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way
25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

25.2.1. Execution Scheduling
25.2.2. A Little Help, etc.

25.3. Adding crontab Entries
25.4. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry
25.5. The at Command
25.6. Making Your at Jobs Quiet
25.7. Checking and Removing Jobs
25.8. Avoiding Other at and cron Jobs
25.9. Waiting a Little While: sleep

26. System Performance and Profiling

26.1. Timing Is Everything
26.2. Timing Programs
26.3. What Commands Are Running and How Long Do They Take?
26.4. Checking System Load: uptime
26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

26.5.1. BSD C Shell nice
26.5.2. BSD Standalone nice
26.5.3. System V C Shell nice
26.5.4. System V Standalone nice

26.6. A nice Gotcha
26.7. Changing a Running Job's Niceness

VI. Scripting

27. Shell Interpretation

27.1. What the Shell Does
27.2. How the Shell Executes Other Commands
27.3. What's a Shell, Anyway?

27.3.1. How Shells Run Other Programs
27.3.2. Interactive Use Versus Shell Scripts
27.3.3. Types of Shells
27.3.4. Shell Search Paths
27.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here
27.3.6. Default Commands

27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files
27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One
27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches
27.7. Wildcards Inside Aliases

27.8. eval: When You Need Another Chance
27.9. Which One Will bash Use?
27.10. Which One Will the C Shell Use?
27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?
27.12. Bourne Shell Quoting

27.12.1. Special Characters
27.12.2. How Quoting Works
27.12.3. Single Quotes Inside Single Quotes?
27.12.4. Multiline Quoting

27.13. Differences Between Bourne and C Shell Quoting

27.13.1. Special Characters
27.13.2. How Quoting Works

27.14. Quoting Special Characters in Filenames
27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting
27.16. Here Documents
27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators
27.18. How Many Backslashes?

28. Saving Time on the Command Line

28.1. What's Special About the Unix Command Line
28.2. Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r
28.3. Use Wildcards to Create Files?
28.4. Build Strings with { }
28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators
28.6. Automatic Completion

28.6.1. General Example: Filename Completion
28.6.2. Menu Completion
28.6.3. Command-Specific Completion
28.6.4. Editor Functions for Completion

28.7. Don't Match Useless Files in Filename Completion
28.8. Repeating Commands
28.9. Repeating and Varying Commands

28.9.1. A foreach Loop
28.9.2. A for Loop

28.10. Repeating a Command with Copy-and-Paste
28.11. Repeating a Time-Varying Command
28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts
28.13. Here Document Example #1: Unformatted Form Letters
28.14. Command Substitution
28.15. Handling Lots of Text with Temporary Files
28.16. Separating Commands with Semicolons
28.17. Dealing with Too Many Arguments
28.18. Expect

28.18.1. Dialback
28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd
28.18.3. Testing: A Story

28.18.4. Other Problems

29. Custom Commands

29.1. Creating Custom Commands
29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases
29.3. C-Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments
29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases
29.5. Korn-Shell Aliases
29.6. zsh Aliases
29.7. Sourceable Scripts
29.8. Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops
29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias
29.10. Fix Quoting in csh Aliases with makealias and quote
29.11. Shell Function Basics

29.11.1. Simple Functions: ls with Options
29.11.2. Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup
29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function
29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials
29.11.5. Conclusion

29.12. Shell Function Specifics
29.13. Propagating Shell Functions

29.13.1. Exporting bash Functions
29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases

30. The Use of History

30.1. The Lessons of History
30.2. History in a Nutshell
30.3. My Favorite Is !$
30.4. My Favorite Is !:n*
30.5. My Favorite Is ^^
30.6. Using !$ for Safety with Wildcards
30.7. History by Number
30.8. History Substitutions
30.9. Repeating a Cycle of Commands
30.10. Running a Series of Commands on a File
30.11. Check Your History First with :p
30.12. Picking Up Where You Left Off

30.12.1. bash, ksh, zsh
30.12.2. C Shells

30.13. Pass History to Another Shell
30.14. Shell Command-Line Editing

30.14.1. vi Editing Mode
30.14.2. Emacs Editing Mode
30.14.3. tcsh Editing
30.14.4. ksh Editing
30.14.5. bash Editing