University Physics with Modern Physics

1382 Pages·2014·91.773 MB·English

by  Wolfgang Bauer, Gary D. Westfall

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UNIVERSITY PHYSICS WITH MODERN PHYSICS, SECOND EDITION
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bauer, W. (Wolfgang), 1959-
University physics with modern physics / Wolfgang Bauer, Michigan State University, Gary Westfall, Michigan State University. – Second
edition.
pages cm
Includes index.
ISBN 978–0–07–351388–1 — ISBN 0–07–351388–1 (hard copy : acid-free paper); ISBN 978–0–07–740962–3 — ISBN 0–07–740962–0
(standard version : acid-free paper); ISBN 978–0–07–740963–0 — ISBN 0–07–740963–9 (v. 1 : acid-free paper); ISBN 978–0–07–740960–9 —
ISBN 0–07–740960–4 (v. 2 : acid-free paper) 1. Physics–Textbooks. I. Westfall, Gary D. II. Title.
QC23.2.B38 2014
530–dc23
2012031018
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement
by the authors or McGraw-Hill, and McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.
www.mhhe.com
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3.1 Linear Momentum iii
Brief Contents
The Big Picture 1 PART 5: ELECTRICITY
PART 1: MECHANICS OF POINT PARTICLES 21 Electrostatics 651
1 Overview 7 22 Electric Fields and Gauss’s Law 676
2 Motion in a Straight Line 38 23 Electric Potential 709
3 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 72 24 Capacitors 737
4 Force 97 25 Current and Resistance 765
5 Kinetic Energy, Work, and Power 134 26 Direct Current Circuits 795
6 Potential Energy and Energy Conservation 160 PART 6: MAGNETISM
7 Momentum and Collisions 194 27 Magnetism 819
PART 2: EXTENDED OBJECTS, MATTER, 28 Magnetic Fields of Moving Charges 845
AND CIRCULAR MOTION 29 Electromagnetic Induction 875
8 Systems of Particles and Extended Objects 231 30 Alternating Current Circuits 907
9 Circular Motion 260 31 Electromagnetic Waves 939
10 Rotation 290
PART 7: OPTICS
11 Static Equilibrium 329 32 Geometric Optics 971
12 Gravitation 356 33 Lenses and Optical Instruments 1003
13 Solids and Fluids 389 34 Wave Optics 1038
PART 3: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES PART 8: RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM PHYSICS
14 Oscillations 426 35 Relativity 1072
15 Waves 462 36 Quantum Physics 1107
16 Sound 493 37 Quantum Mechanics 1141
PART 4: THERMAL PHYSICS 38 Atomic Physics 1185
17 Temperature 523 39 Elementary Particle Physics 1219
18 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics 547 40 Nuclear Physics 1256
19 Ideal Gases 581
20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 617 Appendix A: Mathematics Primer A-1
Appendix B: Element Properties A-9
Answers to Selected Questions and Problems AP-1
iii
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REVISED PAGES
About the Authors
Wolfgang Bauer
was born in Germany and obtained his Ph.D. in theoretical
nuclear physics from the University of Giessen in 1987. Aft er a post-doctoral
fellowship at the California Institute of Technology, he joined the faculty at Michigan
State University in 1988, with a dual appointment at the National Superconducting
Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). He has worked on a large variety of topics in
theoretical and computational physics, from high-temperature superconductivity
to supernova explosions, but has been especially interested in relativistic nuclear
collisions. He is probably best known for his work on phase transitions of nuclear
matter in heavy ion collisions. In recent years, Dr. Bauer has focused much of his
research and teaching on issues concerning energy, including fossil fuel resources,
ways to use energy more effi ciently, and, in particular, alternative and carbon-neutral
energy resources. In 2009, he founded the Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research
and served as its fi rst director until 2013. He presently serves as chairperson of the
Department of Physics and Astronomy and is a University Distinguished Professor
at Michigan State University.
Gary D. Westfall
started his career at the Center for Nuclear Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, where he completed his Ph.D. in
experimental nuclear physics in 1975. From there he went to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) in Berkeley, California, to conduct his
post-doctoral work in high-energy nuclear physics and then stayed on as a staff scientist. While he was at LBNL, Dr. Westfall became internationally
known for his work on the nuclear fi reball model and the use of fragmentation to produce nuclei far from stability. In 1981, Dr. Westfall joined the
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU) as a research professor; there he conceived, constructed,
and ran the MSU 4(cid:31) Detector. His research using the 4(cid:31) Detector produced information concerning the response of nuclear matter as it is compressed
in a supernova collapse. In 1987, Dr. Westfall joined the Department of Physics and Astronomy at MSU while continuing to carry out his research
at NSCL. In 1994, Dr. Westfall joined the STAR Collaboration, which is carrying out experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at
Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York. In 2003, he was named University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University.
The Westfall/Bauer Partnership
Drs. Bauer and Westfall have collaborated on nuclear physics research and on physics education
research for more than two decades. The partnership started in 1988, when both authors were speaking at the same conference and decided
to go downhill skiing together after the session. On this occasion, Westfall recruited Bauer to join the faculty at Michigan State University (in
part by threatening to push him off the ski lift if he declined). They obtained NSF funding to develop novel teaching and laboratory techniques,
authored multimedia physics CDs for their students at the Lyman Briggs School, and co-authored a textbook on CD-ROM, called cliXX Physik.
In 1992, they became early adopters of the Internet for teaching and learning by developing the first version of their online homework system. In
subsequent years, they were instrumental in creating the LearningOnline Network with CAPA, which is now used at more than 70 universities
and colleges in the United States and around the world. Since 2008, Bauer and Westfall have been part of a team of instructors, engineers, and
physicists, who investigate the use of peer-assisted learning in the introductory physics curriculum. This project has received funding from the
NSF STEM Talent Expansion Program, and its best practices have been incorporated into this textbook.
Dedication
This book is dedicated to our families. Without their patience, encouragement, and support, we could never have completed it.
iv
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REVISED PAGES
A Note from the Authors
We
are excited to introduce the second edition of our textbook, University Physics. Physics is a thriving science, alive with intellectual challenge
and presenting innumerable research problems on topics ranging from the largest galaxies to the smallest subatomic particles. Physicists have
managed to bring understanding, order, consistency, and predictability to our universe and will continue that endeavor into the exciting future.
However, when we open most current introductory physics textbooks, we find that a different story is being told. Physics is painted as a
completed science in which the major advances happened at the time of Newton, or perhaps early in the 20th century. Only toward the end of
the standard textbooks is “modern” physics covered, and even that coverage often includes only discoveries made through the 1960s.
Our main motivation in writing this book is to change this perception by weaving exciting, contemporary physics throughout the text.
Physics is an amazingly dynamic discipline—continuously on the verge of new discoveries and life-changing applications. In order to help students
see this, we need to tell the full, absorbing story of our science by integrating contemporary physics into the first-year calculus-based course. Even
the very first semester offers many opportunities to do this by weaving recent results from nonlinear dynamics, chaos, complexity, and high-energy
physics research into the introductory curriculum. Because we are actively carrying out research in these fields, we know that many of the cutting-
edge results are accessible in their essence to the first-year student.
Recent results involving renewable energy, the environment, engineering, medicine, and technology show physics as an exciting, thriving,
and intellectually alive subject motivating students, invigorating classrooms, and making the instructor’s job easier and more enjoyable. In
particular, we believe that talking about the broad topic of energy provides a great opening gambit to capture students’ interest. Concepts of
energy sources (fossil, renewable, nuclear, and so forth), energy efficiency,
energy storage, alternative energy sources, and environmental effects
of energy supply choices (global warming and ocean acidification, for
example) are very much accessible on the introductory physics level. We
find that discussions of energy spark our students’ interest like no other
current topic, and we have addressed different aspects of energy throughout
our book.
In addition to being exposed to the exciting world of physics, students
benefit greatly from gaining the ability to problem solve and think
logically about a situation. Physics is based on a core set of ideas that is
fundamental to all of science. We acknowledge this and provide a useful
problem-solving method (outlined in Chapter 1) which is used throughout
the entire book. This problem-solving method involves a multistep format
that we have developed with students in our classes. But mastery of
concepts also involves actively applying them. To this end, we have asked
more than a dozen contributors from some of the leading universities across
the country to share their best work in the end-of-chapter exercises. New
to this edition are approximately 400 multi-version exercises, which allow
students to address the same problem from different perspectives.
In 2012, the National Research Council published a framework for K-12 science education, which covers the essential science and
engineering practices, the concepts that have application across fields, and the core ideas in four disciplinary areas (in physics, these are
matter and its interactions, motion and stability, energy, and waves and their applications in information transfer). We have structured the
second edition of this textbook to tie the undergraduate physics experience to this framework and have provided concept checks and self-test
opportunities in each chapter.
With all of this in mind, along with the desire to write a captivating textbook, we have created what we hope will be a tool to engage
students’ imaginations and to better prepare them for future courses in their chosen fields (admittedly, hoping we can convert at least a few
students to physics majors along the way). Having feedback from more than 400 people, including a board of advisors, several contributors,
manuscript reviewers, and focus group participants, assisted greatly in this enormous undertaking, as did field testing our ideas with
approximately 6000 students in our introductory physics classes at Michigan State University. We thank you all!
—Wolfgang Bauer and Gary D. Westfall
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REVISED PAGES
Contents
How to Use This Book xii
Student Resources xvi
Resources for Instructors xvii
Acknowledgments xviii
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 90
New to the Second Edition xxii
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
The Big Picture 1
Multi-Version Exercises 91
PART 1: MECHANICS OF POINT PARTICLES 4 Force 97
4.1 Types of Forces 98
1 Overview 7
4.2 Gravitational Force Vector, Weight,
1.1 Why Study Physics? 8 and Mass 100
1.2 Working with Numbers 9 4.3 Net Force 102
1.3 SI Unit System 10 4.4 Newton’s Laws 103
1.4 The Scales of Our World 14 4.5 Ropes and Pulleys 105
1.5 General Problem-Solving Strategy 16 4.6 Applying Newton’s Laws 109
1.6 Vectors 23 4.7 Friction Force 114
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 32 4.8 Applications of the Friction Force 119
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 125
Multi-Version Exercises 33 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 126
2 Motion in a Straight Line 38
5 Kinetic Energy, Work, and Power 134
2.1 Introduction to Kinematics 39
2.2 Position Vector, Displacement Vector, 5.1 Energy in Our Daily Lives 135
and Distance 39 5.2 Kinetic Energy 137
2.3 Velocity Vector, Average Velocity, and Speed 42 5.3 Work 138
2.4 Acceleration Vector 45 5.4 Work Done by a Constant Force 139
2.5 Computer Solutions and Difference Formulas 47 5.5 Work Done by a Variable Force 145
2.6 Finding Displacement and Velocity from 5.6 Spring Force 146
Acceleration 48 5.7 Power 150
2.7 Motion with Constant Acceleration 49 What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 154
2.8 Free Fall 56 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
2.9 Reducing Motion in More Than One Dimension to Multi-Version Exercises 156
One Dimension 61
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 64 6 Potential Energy and Energy
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ Conservation 160
Multi-Version Exercises 65
6.1 Potential Energy 161
3 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 72 6.2 CCoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee aanndd NNoonnccoonnsseerrvvaattiivvee FFoorrcceess 116633
6.3 Work and Potential Energy 166
3.1 Three-Dimensional Coordinate 6.4 Potential Energy and Force 167
Systems 73 6.5 Conservation of Mechanical Energy 170
3.2 Velocity and Acceleration in Two or 6.6 Work and Energy for the Spring Force 174
Three Dimensions 74
6.7 Nonconservative Forces and the Work-Energy
3.3 Ideal Projectile Motion 74 Theorem 179
3.4 Maximum Height and Range of a Projectile 78 6.8 Potential Energy and Stability 184
3.5 Realistic Projectile Motion 85 What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 187
3.6 Relative Motion 86 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 188
vi
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Contents vii
7 Momentum and Collisions 194 11 Static Equilibrium 329
11.1 Equilibrium Conditions 330
7.1 Linear Momentum 195
11.2 Examples Involving Static
7.2 Impulse 197
Equilibrium 332
7.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum 200
11.3 Stability of Structures 342
7.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension 202
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 347
7.5 Elastic Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions 205
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/
7.6 Totally Inelastic Collisions 209
Exercises/Multi-Version Exercises 348
7.7 Partially Inelastic Collisions 217
7.8 Billiards and Chaos 218 12 Gravitation 356
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 220
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ 12.1 Newton’s Law of Gravity 357
Multi-Version Exercises 221 12.2 Gravitation near the Surface of the
Earth 362
PART 2: E XTENDED OBJECTS, MATTER, 12.3 Gravitation inside the Earth 364
AND CIRCULAR MOTION 12.4 Gravitational Potential Energy 366
12.5 Kepler’s Laws and Planetary Motion 371
12.6 Satellite Orbits 376
8 Systems of Particles and Extended
12.7 Dark Matter 380
Objects 231
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 382
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/
8.1 Center of Mass and Center of
Exercises/Multi-Version Exercises 383
Gravity 232
8.2 Center-of-Mass Momentum 235
13 Solids and Fluids 389
8.3 Rocket Motion 239
8.4 Calculating the Center of Mass 243 13.1 Atoms and the Composition of
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 252 Matter 390
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ 13.2 States of Matter 392
Multi-Version Exercises 253 13.3 Tension, Compression, and Shear 393
13.4 Pressure 396
9 Circular Motion 260
13.5 Archimedes’ Principle 403
13.6 Ideal Fluid Motion 408
9.1 Polar Coordinates 261 13.7 Viscosity 416
9.2 Angular Coordinates and Angular 13.8 Turbulence and Research Frontiers in Fluid Flow 418
Displacement 262
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 419
9.3 Angular Velocity, Angular Frequency, and Period 264
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/
9.4 Angular and Centripetal Acceleration 267 Exercises/Multi-Version Exercises 420
9.5 Centripetal Force 270
9.6 Circular and Linear Motion 275 PART 3: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
9.7 More Examples for Circular Motion 279
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 282
14 Oscillations 426
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 284
14.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 427
14.2 Pendulum Motion 435
10 Rotation 290
14.3 WWoorrkk aanndd EEnneerrggyy iinn HHaarrmmoonniicc OOsscciillllaattiioonnss 443388
14.4 Damped Harmonic Motion 441
10.1 Kinetic Energy of Rotation 291
14.5 Forced Harmonic Motion and Resonance 451
10.2 Calculation of Moment of Inertia 292
14.6 Phase Space 453
10.3 Rolling without Slipping 299
14.7 Chaos 454
10.4 Torque 303
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 455
10.5 Newton’s Second Law for Rotation 304
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/
10.6 Work Done by a Torque 309
Exercises/Multi-Version Exercises 456
10.7 Angular Momentum 312
10.8 Precession 319
10.9 Quantized Angular Momentum 320
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 320
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 322
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viii Contents
15 Waves 462 19 Ideal Gases 581
15.1 Wave Motion 463 19.1 Empirical Gas Laws 582
15.2 Coupled Oscillators 464 19.2 Ideal Gas Law 584
15.3 Mathematical Description of 19.3 Equipartition Theorem 593
Waves 465 19.4 Specific Heat of an Ideal Gas 596
15.4 Derivation of the Wave Equation 469 19.5 Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas 600
15.5 Waves in Two- and Three-Dimensional Spaces 473 19.6 Kinetic Theory of Gases 604
15.6 Energy, Power, and Intensity of Waves 476 19.7 Real Gases 609
15.7 Superposition Principle and Interference 479 What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 610
15.8 Standing Waves and Resonance 480 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
15.9 Research on Waves 485 Multi-Version Exercises 612
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 487
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ 20 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 617
Multi-Version Exercises 488
20.1 Reversible and Irreversible
16 Sound 493 Processes 618
20.2 Engines and Refrigerators 620
16.1 Longitudinal Pressure Waves 494 20.3 Ideal Engines 622
16.2 Sound Intensity 497 20.4 Real Engines and Efficiency 628
16.3 Sound Interference 500 20.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 635
16.4 Doppler Effect 506 20.6 Entropy 637
16.5 Resonance and Music 513 20.7 Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy 640
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 516 What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 643
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 517 Multi-Version Exercises 645
PART 4: THERMAL PHYSICS PART 5: ELECTRICITY
17 Temperature 523 21 Electrostatics 651
17.1 Definition of Temperature 524 21.1 Electromagnetism 652
17.2 Temperature Ranges 526 21.2 Electric Charge 653
17.3 Measuring Temperature 530 21.3 Insulators, Conductors, Semiconductors, and
17.4 Thermal Expansion 531 Superconductors 656
17.5 Surface Temperature of the Earth 538 21.4 Electrostatic Charging 657
17.6 Temperature of the Universe 540 21.5 Electrostatic Force—Coulomb’s Law 660
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 541 21.6 Coulomb’s Law and Newton’s Law of Gravitation 669
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 670
Multi-Version Exercises 542 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 671
18 Heat and the First Law of
Thermodynamics 547 22 Electric Fields and Gauss’s Law 676
18.1 Definition of Heat 548 22.1 Definition of an Electric Field 677
18.2 Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 549 22.2 Field Lines 677
18.3 Heat and Work 550 22.3 EElleeccttrriicc FFiieelldd dduuee ttoo PPooiinntt CChhaarrggeess 668800
18.4 First Law of Thermodynamics 552 22.4 Electric Field due to a Dipole 682
18.5 First Law for Special Processes 553 22.5 General Charge Distributions 684
18.6 Specific Heats of Solids and Fluids 555 22.6 Force due to an Electric Field 687
18.7 Latent Heat and Phase Transitions 557 22.7 Electric Flux 692
18.8 Modes of Thermal Energy Transfer 561 22.8 Gauss’s Law 693
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 574 22.9 Special Symmetries 696
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 702
Multi-Version Exercises 575 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 703
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Contents ix
PART 6: MAGNETISM
23 Electric Potential 709
23.1 Electric Potential Energy 710 27 Magnetism 819
23.2 Definition of Electric Potential 712
23.3 Equipotential Surfaces and Lines 717 27.1 Permanent Magnets 820
23.4 Electric Potential of Various Charge 27.2 Magnetic Force 823
Distributions 719 27.3 Motion of Charged Particles in a
23.5 Finding the Electric Field from the Electric Magnetic Field 825
Potential 727 27.4 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire 832
23.6 Electric Potential Energy of a System of Point 27.5 Torque on a Current-Carrying Loop 834
Charges 729 27.6 Magnetic Dipole Moment 835
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 730 27.7 Hall Effect 837
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 838
Multi-Version Exercises 731 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 839
24 Capacitors 737
28 Magnetic Fields of Moving Charges 845
24.1 Capacitance 738
24.2 Circuits 740 28.1 Biot-Savart Law 846
24.3 Parallel Plate Capacitor and Other 28.2 Magnetic Fields due to Current
Types of Capacitors 740 Distributions 847
24.4 Capacitors in Circuits 744 28.3 Ampere’s Law 856
24.5 Energy Stored in Capacitors 747 28.4 Magnetic Fields of Solenoids and Toroids 858
24.6 Capacitors with Dielectrics 751 28.5 Atoms as Magnets 862
24.7 Microscopic Perspective on Dielectrics 755 28.6 Magnetic Properties of Matter 864
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 758 28.7 Magnetism and Superconductivity 867
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 868
Multi-Version Exercises 759 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 869
25 Current and Resistance 765
29 Electromagnetic Induction 875
25.1 Electric Current 766
25.2 Current Density 769 29.1 Faraday’s Experiments 876
25.3 Resistivity and Resistance 771 29.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction 877
25.4 Electromotive Force and Ohm’s Law 775 29.3 Lenz’s Law 882
25.5 Resistors in Series 777 29.4 Generators and Motors 889
25.6 Resistors in Parallel 780 29.5 Induced Electric Field 890
25.7 Energy and Power in Electric Circuits 784 29.6 Inductance of a Solenoid 891
25.8 Diodes: One-Way Streets in Circuits 787 29.7 Self-Induction and Mutual Induction 892
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 788 29.8 RL Circuits 894
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ 29.9 Energy and Energy Density of a Magnetic Field 897
Multi-Version Exercises 789 29.10 Applications to Information Technology 898
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 900
26 Direct Current Circuits 795 Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 901
26.1 Kirchhoff’s Rules 796
26.2 Single-Loop Circuits 798 30 Alternating Current Circuits 907
26.3 Multiloop Circuits 800
26.4 Ammeters and Voltmeters 803 30.1 LC Circuits 908
26.5 RC Circuits 805 30.2 Analysis of LC Oscillations 910
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 812 30.3 DDaammppeedd OOsscciillllaattiioonnss iinn aann RRLLCC CCiirrccuuiitt 991122
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/ 30.4 Driven AC Circuits 914
Multi-Version Exercises 813 30.5 Series RLC Circuit 917
30.6 Energy and Power in AC Circuits 923
30.7 Transformers 929
30.8 Rectifiers 931
What We Have Learned/Exam Study Guide 933
Multiple-Choice Questions/Conceptual Questions/Exercises/
Multi-Version Exercises 934
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