UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Tunable RF Antennas and Filters for Advanced ...

149 Pages·2015·7.68 MB·English

UC San Diego
UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Title
Tunable RF Antennas and Filters for Advanced Communication Systems and Wideband
Quasi-Optical Network Analyzer for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications
Permalink
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kn131fm
Author
Alazemi, Abdullah J.
Publication Date
2015

Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation
eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library
University of California
UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIA,SANDIEGO
TunableRFAntennasandFiltersforAdvancedCommunicationSystemsand
WidebandQuasi-OpticalNetworkAnalyzerforMillimeter-WaveandTerahertz
Applications
Adissertationsubmittedinpartialsatisfactionofthe
requirementsforthedegree
DoctorofPhilosophy
in
ElectricalEngineering(ElectronicCircuitsandSystems)
by
AbdullahJ.Alazemi
Committeeincharge:
ProfessorGabrielM.Rebeiz,Chair
ProfessorJamesF.Buckwalter
ProfessorGertCauwenberghs
ProfessorBrianG.Keating
ProfessorDanielF.Sievenpiper
2015
Copyright
AbdullahJ.Alazemi,2015
Allrightsreserved.
ThedissertationofAbdullahJ.Alazemiisapproved,anditis
acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm
andelectronically:
Chair
UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego
2015
iii
DEDICATION
In memory of my mother
With love and eternal appreciation
iv
EPIGRAPH
“Donotfollowwherethepathmaylead. Goinsteadwherethereisnopathandleavea
trail.”
—RalphWaldoEmerson
“Yesterdayisbuttoday’smemory,andtomorrowistoday’sdream.”
—KahlilGibran
“Afathergiveshischildnothingbetterthanagoodeducation.”
—ProphetMohammed(PBUH)
v
TABLEOFCONTENTS
SignaturePage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Epigraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
TableofContents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
ListofFigures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
ListofTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Vita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
AbstractoftheDissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Chapter1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Millimeter-WaveandTerahertzTechnology . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 EvolutionofMobileCommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 RF-MEMSTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 ScopeofDissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter2 Wideband Double Bow-Tie Slot Antennas for Millimeter-Wave
andTerahertzApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 DesignandSimulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.1 Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.2 WidebandLow-PassFilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.3 RadiationPatterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.1 Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.2 WidebandCPWLow-PassFilter . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.3 RadiationPatterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3.4 AbsoluteGainMeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
vi
Chapter3 A 100 300 GHz Free-Space Scalar Network Analyzer Using
−
CompactTxandRxModules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2.1 SystemArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.2.2 AntennaDesignandMeasurements . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2.3 HarmonicMultiplierDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.4 HarmonicMixerDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3 System-LevelMeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.3.1 Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.2 Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3.3 SystemDynamicRangeandFree-SpaceMeasurements 45
3.3.4 FrequencySelectiveSurfaces(FSS) . . . . . . . . . 45
3.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.5 Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter4 A Tunable Dual-Band Quadruple-Pole LTE Antenna for Carrier
AggregationSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2 TheoreticalAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2.1 AntennaDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2.2 WidebandResponsewithaThirdTuner . . . . . . . 61
4.3 Dual-feedDual-BandQuadruple-PoleAntenna . . . . . . . 63
4.3.1 AntennaDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.3.2 InputMatching,Isolation,andTuningCapabilities . 64
4.3.3 RadiationPatternsandAntennaEfficiency . . . . . . 67
4.4 WidebandResponsewiththeThirdTuner . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.6 Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Chapter5 RFMEMSTunable4-PoleBandpassFiltersWithBandwidthCon-
trolandImprovedStopbandRejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.2 FilterDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.3 0.7-1GHzTunable4-PoleBandpassFilterwithSPIDigital
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
5.3.1 S-Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.3.2 BandwidthControlandShapeFactor . . . . . . . . 81
5.4 1.7 - 2.4 GHz Tunable 4-Pole Bandpass Filter with RFFE
DigitalControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.4.1 S-Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.4.2 BandwidthControlandShapeFactor . . . . . . . . 86
5.5 LinearityandComplex-SignalMeasurements . . . . . . . . 86
vii
5.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.7 Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Chapter6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
6.1 SummaryofWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
6.2 FutureWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
AppendixA TheUCSDFabricationProcessinDetails . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
AppendixB ATunableDual-BandSingle-FeedTriple-ResonanceLTEAntenna
forCarrierAggregationSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
B.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
B.2 AntennaDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
B.3 SimulatedandExperimentalResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
B.3.1 InputMatching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
B.3.2 RadiationPatternsandEfficiency . . . . . . . . . . 106
B.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
AppendixC ALow-Loss1.4-2.1GHzCompactTunableThree-PoleFilterWith
ImprovedStopbandRejectionUsingRF-MEMSCapacitors . . . . 110
C.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
C.2 FilterDesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
C.3 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
C.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
viii
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure1.1: Millimeter-waveandterahertzapplicatons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figure1.2: Antennaondifferentlenspositions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure1.3: Carrieraggregationmodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure2.1: Widebanddoublebow-tieslotantennawithCPWlow-passfilter. . . 11
Figure2.2: (a) 100 300 GHz Double bow-tie slot antenna layout, (b) design
−
schematic, (c) antenna return loss vs. different bow-tie angles (φ)
withZ =100ΩandS =0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
in
Figure2.3: S of200 600GHzantennawithZ =100Ω. . . . . . . . . . . 14
11 in
−
Figure2.4: (a) CPW low-pass filter layout (gap is white, air-bridges are not
shown), (b) zoom-in of the filter, (c) simulated S-parameters of the
wideband low-pass filter with input impedance = 50 Ω and Smith
chartfor115 285GHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
−
Figure2.5: Simulated radiation patterns inside the silicon at: (a) 125 GHz, (b)
175GHz,(c)225GHz. (d)275GHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure2.6: (a) Simulated double bow-tie slot antenna directivity at different
lens positions, (b) aperture and Gaussian coupling efficiencies for
doublebow-tieslotantennaandstandarddoubleslotantenna. . . . 18
Figure2.7: Measured and simulated S with differential input impedance Z
11 in
=100Ω. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure2.8: MeasuredS-parametersofthewidebandCPWlow-passfilter. . . . 20
Figure2.9: Doublebow-tieslotantennameasurementsetup. . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure2.10: Simulated(a,b,c,f)andmeasured(d,e,f,i)radiationpatternsonsyn-
thesized elliptical silicon lens with R = 6 mm. (Solid: E-plane,
lens
Dashed: H-plane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure2.11: Measured and simulated 3-dB beamwidths for the E and H planes
(R =6mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
lens
Figure2.12: Comparisonbetweenmeasuredpatternsat225GHzandaGaussian
beam(R =6mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
lens
Figure2.13: Measured and simulated 100 300 GHz antenna directivity and
−
gain(R =6mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
lens
Figure2.14: Measured radiation patterns (a,b,c) for the 200 600 GHz on syn-
−
thesized elliptical silicon lens with R = 3 mm. (Solid: E-plane,
lens
Dashed: H-plane), (d) microscopic image of the antenna. (units in
µm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure2.15: Measured and simulated 200 600 GHz antenna directivity and
−
gain(R =3mm). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
lens
Figure2.16: Measurementsetupforwidebanddoublebow-tieslotantennas. . . 27
Figure3.1: Quasi-optical network analyzer architecture for 100 300 GHz
−
systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ix