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S c a l i s e Sergio Scalise · M a Elisabetta Magni g n i · Antonietta Bisetto B i s e Editors t t o E d s Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 76 . 1 Universals of U Language Today n i v e r s a l s o f L a n g u a g e T o d a y AB฀3 ' %&"$!# !&&#$% UNIVERSALSOFLANGUAGETODAY Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory VOLUME76 ManagingEditors MarceldenDikken,CityUniversityofNewYork LilianeHaegeman,UniversityofLille JoanMaling,BrandeisUniversity EditorialBoard GuglielmoCinque,UniversityofVenice CarolGeorgopoulos,UniversityofUtah JaneGrimshaw,RutgersUniversity MichaelKenstowicz,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology HildaKoopman,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles HowardLasnik,UniversityofMaryland AlecMarantz,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology JohnJ.McCarthy,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst IanRoberts,UniversityofCambridge Forothertitlespublishedinthisseries,goto www.springer.com/series/6559 UNIVERSALS OF LANGUAGE TODAY Editedby SERGIOSCALISE UniversityofBologna,Italy ELISABETTAMAGNI UniversityofBologna,Italy and ANTONIETTABISETTO UniversityofBologna,Italy 123 Editors SergioScalise ElisabettaMagni viaCartoleria,5 viaCartoleria,5 40124Bologna(BO) 40124Bologna(BO) Universita`diBologna Universita`diBologna Italy Italy [email protected] [email protected] AntoniettaBisetto viaCartoleria,5 40124Bologna(BO) Universita`diBologna Italy [email protected] Frontcover: Castaneasativa,PhotographsuppliedbyJ.R.P.vanHoeySmith,ArboretumTrompenburg, Rotterdam,TheNetherlands ISBN:978-1-4020-8824-7 e-ISBN:978-1-4020-8825-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008932625 (cid:2)c SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2009 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recording orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexception ofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingentered andexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Printedonacid-freepaper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com ToEdoardoVineis amicitiaetuaememoresatquegrati Preface This book collects the contributions presented at the international congress held at the University of Bologna in January 2007, where leading scholars of different persuasionsandinterestsofferedanup-to-dateoverviewofthecurrentstatusofthe researchonlinguisticuniversals. The papers that make up the volume deal with both theoretical and empirical issues,andrangeovervariousdomains,coveringnotonlymorphologyandsyntax, whichwerethemajorfocusofGreenberg’sseminalwork,butalsophonologyand semantics,aswellasdiachronyandsecondlanguageacquisition. Diverse perspectives illustrate and discuss a huge number of phenomena from awidevarietyoflanguages,notonlyexploringthewayresearchonuniversalsin- tersects with different subareas of linguistics, but also contributing to the ongoing debate between functional and formal approaches to explaining the universals of language. Thisstimulatingreadingforscientists,researchersandpostgraduatestudentsin linguistics shows how different, but not irreconcilable, modes of explanation can complement each other, both offering fresh insights into the investigation of unity anddiversityinlanguages,andpointingtoexcitingareasforfutureresearch. • A fresh and up-to-date survey of the present state of research on Universals of Language in an international context, with original contributions from leading specialistsinthefield. • First-handaccountsofsubstantivefindingsandtheoreticalobservationsindiffer- entsubareasoflinguistics. • Huge number of linguistic phenomena and data from diffferent languages ana- lyzedanddiscussedindetail. • Essential reading for scientists, researchers and postgraduate students in linguistics. Universita` diBologna SergioScalise Italy ElisabettaMagniandAntoniettaBisetto vii Contents Introduction ....................................................... xiii HowUniversalareLinguisticCategories?............................. 1 PaoloRamat AnEmpiricalTestoftheAgglutinationHypothesis..................... 13 MartinHaspelmath WhatLinguisticUniversalsCanbeTrueof............................ 31 AditiLahiriandFransPlank UniversalsofProsodicStructure ..................................... 59 IreneVogel LexicalIntegrityasaFormalUniversal:AConstructionistView......... 83 GeertBooij SearchingforUniversalsinCompounding.............................101 EmilianoGuevaraandSergioScalise UniversalsandFeatures.............................................129 GrevilleG.Corbett MethodsforFindingLanguageUniversalsinSyntax ...................145 WilliamCroft TheFundamentalLeft-RightAsymmetryofNaturalLanguages .........165 GuglielmoCinque TheBranchingDirectionTheoryofWordOrderCorrelationsRevisited ..185 MatthewS.Dryer ix x Contents UniversalsandSemantics ...........................................209 DenisDelfitto TheEvolutionofLatinWord(Dis)order ..............................225 ElisabettaMagni TypologicalUniversalsandSecondLanguageAcquisition...............253 AnnaGiacaloneRamat LanguageIndex....................................................273 SubjectIndex ......................................................277 Contributors GeertBooij UniversityofLeiden GuglielmoCinque Ca’FoscariUniversity,Venice GrevilleG.Corbett SurreyMorphologyGroup WilliamCroft UniversityofNewMexico DenisDelfitto UniversityofVerona MatthewS.Dryer UniversityatBuffalo EmilianoGuevara UniversityofBologna MartinHaspelmath Max-Planck-Institutfu¨revolutiona¨reAnthropologie,Leipzig AditiLahiri UniversityofOxford ElisabettaMagni UniversityofBologna FransPlank Universita¨tKonstanz AnnaGiacaloneRamat UniversityofPavia xi

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