Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering

1154 Pages·1993·28.703 MB·English

by  Warren L. McCabe, Julian C. Smith, Peter Harriott

UNIT OPERATIONS
OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
McGraw-Hill Chemical Engineering Series
Editorial Advisory Board
James J. Carberry, Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame
James R. Fair, Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
William P. Schowalter, Dean, School of Engineering, University of Illinois
Matthew Tirrell, Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota
James Wei, Dean, School of Engineering, Princeton University
Max S. Peters, Emeritus, Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado
Building the Literature of a Profession
Fifteen prominent chemical engineers first met in New York more than 60 years
ago to plan a continuing literature for their rapidly growing profession. From
Industry came such pioneer practitioners as Leo H. Baekeland, Arthur D. Little,
Charles L. Reese, John V. N. Dorr, M. C. Whitaker, and R. S. McBride. From
the universities came such eminent educators as William H. Walker, Alfred H.
White, D. D. Jackson, J. H. James, Warren K. Lewis, and Harry A. Curtis. H. C.
Parmelee, then editor of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, served as
chairman and was joined subsequently by S. D. Kirkpatrick as consulting editor.
After several meetings, this committee submitted its report to the McGraw
Hill Book Company in September 1925. In the report were detailed specifications
for a correlated series of more than a dozen texts and reference books which have
since become the McGraw-Hill Series in Chemical Engineering and which became
the cornerstone of the chemical engineering curriculum.
From this beginning there has evolved a series of texts surpassing by far the
scope and longevity envisioned by the founding Editorial Board. The McGraw
Hill Series in Chemical Engineering stands as a unique historical record of the
development of chemical engineering education and practice. In the series one finds
the milestones of the subject's evolution: industrial chemistry, stoichiometry, unit
operations and processes, thermodynamics, kinetics, and transfer operations.
Chemical engineering is a dynamic profession, and its literature continues
to evolve. McGraw-Hill, with its editor, B. J. Clark and its consulting editors,
remains committed to a publishing policy that will serve, and indeed lead, the
needs of the chemical engineering profession during the years to come.
The Series
Bailey and Ollis: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals
Bennett and Myers: Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer
Brodkey and Hershey: Transport Phenomena: A Unified Approach
Carberry: Chemical and Catalytic Reaction Engineering
Constantinides: Applied Numerical Methods with Personal Computers
Coughanowr: Process Systems Analysis and Control
de Nevers: Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers
Douglas: Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes
Edgar and Himmelblau: Optimization of Chemical Processes
Gates, Katzer, and Schuit: Chemistry of Catalytic Processes
Holland: Fundamentals of Multicomponent Distillation
Holland and Liapis: Computer Methods for Solving Dynamic Separation Problems
Katz and Lee: Natural Gas Engineering: Production and Storage
King: Separation Processes
Lee: Fundamentals of Microelectronics Processing
Luyben: Process Modeling, Simulation, and Control for Chemical Engineers
McCabe, Smith, and Harriott: Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
Mickley, Sherwood, and Reed: Applied Mathematics in Chemical Engineering
Middleman and Hochberg: Process Engineering Analysis in Semiconductor Device
Fabrication
Nelson: Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Perry and Chilton (Editors): Perry -s Chemical Engineers' Handbook
Peters: Elementary Chemical Engineering
Peters and Timmerhaus: Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers
Reid, Prausnitz, and Rolling: Properties of Gases and Liquids
Smith: Chemical Engineering Kinetics
Smith and Van Ness: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Treybal: Mass Transfer Operations
Valle-Riestra: Project Evaluation in the Chemical Process Industries
Wei, Russell, and Swartzlander: The Structure of the Chemical Processing Industries
Wentz: Hazardous Waste Management

UNIT
OPERATIONS
OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
Fifth Edition
Warren L. McCabe
Late R J. Reynolds Professor in Chemical Engineering
North Carolina State University
Julian C. Smith
Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering
Cornell University
Peter Harriott
Fred H. Rhodes Professor of Chemical Engineering
Cornell University
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
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UNIT OPERATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
International Editions 1993
Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill Book Co. - Singapore for manufacture and export. Tllis
book cannot be re-exported from the cowttry to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill.
Copyright © 1993, 1985, 1976, 1967, 1956 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
Except as pernlitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this
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This book was set in Times Roman.
The editors were B.J. Clark and Eleanor Castellano;
the production supervisor was Louise Karam.
The cover was designed by Joseph Gi!lians.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
McCabe, Warren L. (Warren Lee), (date).
Unit operations of chemical engineering I Warren L. McCabe, Julian C. Smitl1,
Peter Harriott. -5th ed.
p. em. -(McGraw-Hill chemical engineering series)
Includes index.
ISBN 0-07-044844-2
I. Chenlical processes. I. Snlith, Julian C. (Julian Cleveland), (date).
II. Harriott, Peter. III. Title. IV. Series.
1P155. 7. M393 1993
660'. 2842-dc20 92-36218
When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-112738-0
Printed in Singapore
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Julian C. Smith (B.Chem., Chem.E., Cornell University) is Professor Emeritus
of Chemical Engineering at Cornell University, where he joined the faculty in 1946.
He was Director of Continuing Engineering Education at Cornell from 1965 to
1971, and Director of the School of Chemical Engineering from 1975 to 1983. He
retired from active teaching in 1986. Before joining the faculty at Cornel~ he was
employed as a chemical engineer by E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co. He has
served as a consultant on process development to Du Pont, American Cyanamid,
and many other companies, as well as government agencies. He is a member of
the American Chemical Society and a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical
Engineers.
Peter Harriott (B. Chem.E., Cornell University, SeD., Massachusetts Institute of
Technology) is the Fred H. Rhodes Professor of Chemical Engineering at Cornell
University. Before joining the Cornell faculty in 1953, he worked as a chemical
engineer for the E.L duPont de Nemours and Co. and the General Electric Co.
In 1966 he was awarded an NSF Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship for study at the
Institute for Catalysis in Lyon, France, and in 1988 he received a DOE fellowship
for work at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center. Professor Harriott is the
author of Process Control and a member of the American Chemical Society and
the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He has been a consultant to the
U.S. Department of Energy and several industrial firms on problems of mass
transfer, reactor design, and air pollution control.

CONTENTS
Preface xix
Section 1 Introduction
1 Definitions and Principles 3
Unit Operations 4
Unit Systems 5
Physical Quantities 5
SI Units 5
Cgs Units 9
Gas Constant 10
Fps Engineering Units II
Conversion of Units 12
Units and Equations 14
Dimensional Analysis 16
Basic Concepts 18
Equations of State of Gases 18
Symbols 20
Problems 22
References 23
Section 2 Fluid Mechanics
25
2 Fluid Statics and Its Applications 27
Symbols 39
Problems 40
References 41
ix