Understanding World Order and Structural Change: Poverty, Conflict and the Global Arena PDF
Preview Understanding World Order and Structural Change: Poverty, Conflict and the Global Arena
InternationalPoliticalEconomySeries GeneralEditor:TimothyM.Shaw,ProfessorofCommonwealthGovernance andDevelopment,andDirectoroftheInstituteofCommonwealthStudies, SchoolofAdvancedStudy,UniversityofLondon Titlesinclude: HansAbrahamsson UNDERSTANDINGWORLDORDERANDSTRUCTURALCHANGE Poverty,ConflictandtheGlobalArena FrancisAdams,SatyaDevGuptaandKidaneMengisteab(editors) GLOBALIZATIONANDTHEDILEMMASOFTHESTATEINTHESOUTH PreetS.AulakhandMichaelG.Schechter(editors) RETHINKINGGLOBALIZATION(S) FromCorporateTransnationalismtoLocalInterventions JamesBusumtwi-SamandLaurentDobuzinskis(editors) TURBULENCEANDNEWDIRECTIONSINGLOBALPOLITICALECONOMY ElizabethDeBoer-Ashworth THEGLOBALPOLITICALECONOMYANDPOST-1989CHANGE ThePlaceoftheCentralEuropeanTransition HelenA.Garten USFINANCIALREGULATIONANDTHELEVELPLAYINGFIELD RandallD.Germain(editor) GLOBALIZATIONANDITSCRITICS PerspectivesfromPoliticalEconomy BarryK.Gills(editor) GLOBALIZATIONANDTHEPOLITICSOFRESISTANCE RichardGrantandJohnRennieShort(editors) GLOBALIZATIONANDTHEMARGINS AxelHülsemeyer(editor) GLOBALIZATIONINTHETWENTY–FIRSTCENTURY ConvergenceorDivergence? HelgeHveemandKristenNordhaug(editors) PUBLICPOLICYINTHEAGEOFGLOBALIZATION ResponsestoEnvironmentalandEconomicCrises TakashiInoguchi GLOBALCHANGE AJapanesePerspective JomoK.S.andShyamalaNagaraj(editors) GLOBALIZATIONVERSUSDEVELOPMENT RonaldoMunckandPeterWaterman(editors) LABOURWORLDWIDEINTHEERAOFGLOBALIZATION AlternativeUnionModelsintheNewWorldOrder CraigN.Murphy(editor) EGALITARIANPOLITICSINTHEAGEOFGLOBALIZATION MichaelNiemann ASPATIALAPPROACHTOREGIONALISMINTHEGLOBALECONOMY MarkusPerkmannandNgai-LingSum(editors) GLOBALIZATION,REGIONALIZATIONANDCROSS-BORDERREGIONS TedSchrecker(editor) SURVIVINGGLOBALISM TheSocialandEnvironmentalChallenges LeonardSeabrooke USPOWERININTERNATIONALFINANCE TheVictoryofDividends TimothyJ.SinclairandKennethP.Thomas(editors) STRUCTUREANDAGENCYININTERNATIONALCAPITALMOBILITY KendallStiles(editor) GLOBALINSTITUTIONSANDLOCALEMPOWERMENT CompetingTheoreticalPerspectives CarolineThomasandPeterWilkin(editors) GLOBALIZATIONANDTHESOUTH GeoffreyR.D.Underhill(editor) THENEWWORLDORDERININTERNATIONALFINANCE AmyVerdun EUROPEANRESPONSESTOGLOBALIZATIONANDFINANCIALMARKET INTEGRATION PerceptionsofEconomicandMonetaryUnioninBritain,FranceandGermany RobertWolfe FARMWARS ThePoliticalEconomyofAgricultureandtheInternationalTradeRegime InternationalPoliticalEconomySeries SeriesStandingOrderISBN0–333–71708–2hardback SeriesStandingOrderISBN0–333–71110–6paperback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with yournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesandoneoftheISBNsquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS,England Understanding World Order and Structural Change Poverty, Conflict and the Global Arena Hans Abrahamsson DepartmentofPeaceandDevelopmentStudies GöteborgUniversity Sweden ©HansAbrahamsson2003 Foreword©BjörnHettne2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 978-0-333-77385-7 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency,90 TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorisedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedas theauthorofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2003by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XSand 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10010 Companiesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld PALGRAVEMACMILLANistheglobalacademicimprintofthePalgrave MacmillandivisionofSt.Martin’sPress,LLCandofPalgraveMacmillanLtd. Macmillan®isaregisteredtrademarkintheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom andothercountries.PalgraveisaregisteredtrademarkintheEuropean Unionandothercountries ISBN 978-1-349-41622-6 ISBN 978-1-4039-4405-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403944054 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Abrahamsson,Hans,1949– Understandingworldorderandstructuralchange:poverty,conflict, andtheglobalarena/HansAbrahamsson. p.cm.–(Internationalpoliticaleconomyseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN 978-1-349-41622-6 1. Internationaleconomicrelations. 2. Globalization. 3. Poverty. 4. Social conflict. I. Title. II. International political economy series (Palgrave Macmillan (Firm)) HF1359.A242003 337–dc21 2003040546 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 TothememoryofCarlosCardoso whileactivelycontributingtothestructuralopportunityforpeace– brutallyassassinatedbyhisopponents–beforeitcouldbeseized. Through his journal located in a small Maputo garage, he challenged various nationalandglobalstructuresimpedingdevelopmentinMozambique. Through his death the world runs the risk of becoming more subdued and the achievementofglobalcitizenshipevenmoredistant. This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofFigures xi ForewordbyBjörnHettne xii Acknowledgements xiii ListofAbbreviations xiv Introduction xvii PartI UnderstandingWorldOrderStructuresandtheir LocalImpact 1 ConceptualFramework 3 State,marketandcivilsociety 3 TheWesternvaluesanddevelopmentparadigm 9 Nationalsecurityinterest 11 Worldorderstructures 13 Worldorderandhegemonicstability 15 Power 17 Discursivepower 17 Hegemonicdeclineandinterdependence 19 Conclusion 22 2 BrettonWoodsRevisited 24 FromBrettonWoodstoPaxAmericana 24 Theconceptofembeddedliberalism 25 USleadershipmotivation 27 Aidasaforeignpolicytool 28 Embeddedcontradictions 31 Intertwinedparadoxes 36 Theincreaseofstructuralpower 37 Tosumup 44 3 PaxAmericanaandSouthernAfrica:CoincidingInterests andChange 46 Hegemonyanddecolonisation 46 TheRhodesianissue 49 TotalstrategyandSADCC 49 vii viii Contents East–WestrivalryinsouthernAfrica 50 ‘ConstructiveEngagement’ 52 Theripemomenttoabolishapartheid 55 Consensusunderstress 56 4 MozambiqueandtheWashingtonConsensus 58 Atroublesomerelationship 58 USfoodaid 59 MozambiqueandtheBrettonWoodsinstitutions 61 Thedesignofthestructuraladjustmentprogrammes 62 ThefailureoftheWashingtonConsensus 64 Theinternationalisationofthestate 66 Thepauperisationofthepeasantry 67 Socialdistrustandincreasedillegalities 71 Povertyandconflict–anambiguousrelationship 72 Thetrapoflow-levelsecurityequilibrium 77 PartII UnderstandingStructural Change–andtheWayForward 5 TheoreticalGuidance 83 Describingforcesofchange 83 Towardsacriticalinternationalpoliticaleconomy 84 Problem-solvingversuscriticaltheory 88 Theagent–structuredilemma 90 ‘Warofposition’versus‘warofmovement’ 92 Structuralchangeofalimitedtotality 93 6 AnAnalyticalModelforAction 96 Identifyingforcesofchange 96 Thecoreofthemodel 102 TheanalyticalmodelwithanAfricanPrism 103 Ahistoricalexample:thedemandsforaNIEO 105 Inconclusion:structuralchangeinretrospect 110 Contents ix 7 AGlobalitywithContradictoryCircumstances 112 Reinforcedcontradictorycircumstances 116 Coincidingeliteinterests 118 Globaldevelopmentandstructuralchange 120 Confrontationordialogue 121 8 TowardsaStructuralOpportunityforChange 124 Theinterestsofthetransnationalelite 124 Thearticulationofenlightenedself-interest 126 GlobalsecurityinterestsandtheWorldBank 130 TowardsanewpartnershipforAfrica 132 TowardslegitimategovernanceinAfrica 133 Coincidinginterestsandcounteractingforces 136 Seizingtheopportunity 139 9 OutoftheTrap 142 Searchingforawayout 143 Continuityversusopportunities 148 Provisionofpublicgoods 150 10 TheRoleofInternationalDevelopmentCooperation 153 Thegeopoliticsofaid 154 Peaceanddevelopmentasaglobalpublicgood 157 Theneedforaholisticandamorecoherentapproach 158 Thecontextofpovertyandconflict:theAngolantrapof low-levelsecurityequilibrium 161 Towardsasocialcohesionsupport 163 Orientationandtargetgroups 164 Thechannelsofaid 165 Conditionsforaid 166 Summary 167
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