Understanding War The War Trilogy Volume I: Winning at War Volume II: War Wisdom Volume III: Understanding War Understanding War An Annotated Bibliography Christian P. Potholm UniversityPressofAmerica,®Inc. Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•Toronto•Plymouth,UK Copyright©2016byUniversityPressofAmerica,®Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 UPAAcquisitionsDepartment(301)459-3366 UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet, LondonSE114AB,UnitedKingdom Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016935686 ISBN:978-0-7618-6773-9(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN:978-0-7618-6774-6(electronic) TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. After50yearsofteaching,thisworkisdedicatedto allthestudentsofTufts,Dartmouth,Vassar,andespeciallyBowdoin whohaveenrichedmylifesodeeplyoverthesewonderfulyears. Youarethepurpose,theinspirationandthereward. ThankYou Contents Preface xi I:AnalyzingWarfare 1 1 WhyStudyMilitaryMatters? 3 2 ErosandMars:TheNatureofHumankind;or,MakingLoveand War 15 3 TheSearchforFundamentalTruthsaboutWar:SunTzu, Kautilya,Thucydides,Jomini,Clausewitz,andOtherMilitary ThinkersandStudentsofWar 23 4 GeopoliticsandtheLongShadowofGeography 41 5 TheTemplateofMars 47 SuperiorWeaponsandTechnologicalEntrepreneurship 48 SuperiorDiscipline 51 SustainedbutControlledRuthlessness 55 ReceptivitytoMilitaryandIntegrativeInnovation 64 TheAbilityandWillingnesstoProtectCapitalfromPeople andRulers 68 TheCentralityofSuperiorWill 70 TheBeliefThatThereWillAlwaysBeAnotherWar 74 6 TheDecisiontoDroptheAtomicBomb;or,HiroshimaasSeen throughtheLensofMars 79 7 MarsIsaJealousGod,Part1:TheLessonsofIraqWarI;or, ClausewitzVindicated—FortheLastTime? 83 8 IstheTemplateObsoleteintheFaceofInsurgencies? 91 TheoreticiansandPractitioners 92 vii viii Contents OverviewsofInsurgency 115 SomeIllustrativeCaseStudies:ShowingtheExperienceof InsurgencyandCounterinsurgencyacrossCross-Cultural Lines 118 9 TheAmerican“Empire”andtheDangersThatLieAhead 141 TheEmpireasEmpire(orHegemon) 142 TheNuclearDimension 148 China 149 FailedandFragileStates 157 IslamicRadicalSalafistsandLocalandGlobalInsurgencies 161 Afghanistan:WatchontheDanubeRedux 165 II:TopicsinWar 171 10 EarlyWarfare 173 11 ClassicalInfantry:Greek 187 12 ClassicalInfantry:Roman 199 13 TheHorsemenCometh:TheCentralityofMountedWarcraft 215 PartI:TheMountedHorsemenoftheSteppes 216 PartII:EuropeanHeavyHorse:FeudalismandKnighthood, PowerDiffusionandItsConsequences,andLaterPower Centralization 219 PartIII:Byzantium 231 PartIV:AfricanHeavyHorse:PowerCentralizationand PowerDiffusion 237 PartV:ArabLight(er)Horse:FlowandEbb,EbbandFlow 238 PartVI:JapaneseandChineseHorsemen 243 PartVII:ParthianandSassanianHorsemen 247 PartVIII:MongolandLaterTurkicAsianHorsemen 247 PartIX:IndianandSouthAsianHorsemen 253 14 TheVikings 257 15 TheGunpowderandDisciplineRevolutionandtheExpansion oftheGunpowderEmpires 261 16 EraoftheEuropeanGreatCaptains 271 MauriceofNassau(1567–1625) 276 GustavusAdolphus(1594–1632) 277 TheDukeofMarlborough(1650–1722) 279 CharlesXII(1682–1718) 281 LouisXIV(1638–1715) 282 FredericktheGreat(1712–1786) 283 17 WarfareonthePeripheryandtheExpansionoftheEuropean GunpowderEmpires 285
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