Understanding the Gut-Bone Signaling Axis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications PDF
Preview Understanding the Gut-Bone Signaling Axis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1033 Laura R. McCabe Narayanan Parameswaran Editors Understanding the Gut-Bone Signaling Axis Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 1033 Editorial Board: IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel ABEL LAJTHA, N.S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA JOHN D. LAMBRIS, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan, Milan, Italy More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5584 Laura R. McCabe • Narayanan Parameswaran Editors Understanding the Gut-Bone Signaling Axis Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications Editors Laura R. McCabe Narayanan Parameswaran Department of Physiology and Comparative Medicine and Integrative Department of Radiology Biology Program Biomedical Imaging Research Centre East Lansing, MI, USA Michigan State University Department of Physiology East Lansing, MI, USA Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA ISSN 0065-2598 ISSN 2214-8019 (electronic) Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ISBN 978-3-319-66651-8 ISBN 978-3-319-66653-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955552 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Part I Gut-Bone Signaling Pathways Intestinal Regulation of Calcium: Vitamin D and Bone Physiology ......... 3 Sylvia Christakos, Vaishali Veldurthy, Nishant Patel, and Ran Wei Intestinal Incretins and the Regulation of Bone Physiology ...................... 13 Walter Ramsey and Carlos M. Isales Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Serotonin ............................................. 35 Brigitte Lavoie, Jane B. Lian, and Gary M. Mawe Gut Microbiota and Bone Health ................................................................. 47 Darin Quach and Robert A. Britton Immunology of Gut-Bone Signaling ............................................................. 59 Fraser L. Collins, Jonathan D. Schepper, Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce, Michael D. Steury, Ho Jun Kang, Heather Mallin, Daniel Schoenherr, Glen Camfield, Saima Chishti, Laura R. McCabe, and Narayanan Parameswaran Part II Gut Pathologies and Bone Health Stomach and Bone.......................................................................................... 97 Alice M. Kitay and John P. Geibel Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effects on Bone and Mechanisms .............. 133 Francisco A. Sylvester Epithelial Barrier Function in Gut-Bone Signaling .................................... 151 Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce, Fraser L. Collins, Jonathan D. Schepper, Michael D. Steury, Sandi Raehtz, Heather Mallin, Danny T. Schoenherr, Narayanan Parameswaran, and Laura R. McCabe v vi Contents Impact of Enteric Health and Mucosal Permeability on Skeletal Health and Lameness in Poultry ............................................... 185 L.R. Bielke, B.M. Hargis, and J.D. Latorre Part III Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Support Bone Health Prebiotics and Bone ....................................................................................... 201 Corrie M. Whisner and Connie M. Weaver Probiotics in Gut-Bone Signaling ................................................................. 225 Jonathan D. Schepper, Regina Irwin, Jun Kang, Kevin Dagenais, Tristan Lemon, Ally Shinouskis, Narayanan Parameswaran, and Laura R. McCabe Bone Mechanical Function and the Gut Microbiota .................................. 249 C.J. Hernandez Index ................................................................................................................ 271 Contributors L.R. Bielke The Ohio State University, Animal Sciences, Columbus, OH, USA Robert A. Britton Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Houston, TX, USA Glen Camfield Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Saima Chishti Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Sylvia Christakos Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA Fraser L. Collins Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Kevin Dagenais Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA John P. Geibel Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA B.M. Hargis University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR, USA C.J. Hernandez Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA Regina Irwin Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA vii viii Contributors Carlos M. Isales Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA Jun Kang Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Ho Jun Kang Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Alice M. Kitay Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA J. D. Latorre University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR, USA Brigitte Lavoie Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA Tristan Lemon Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Jane B. Lian Department of Biochemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA Heather Mallin Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Gary M. Mawe Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA Laura R. McCabe Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Narayanan Parameswaran Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Nishant Patel Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA Contributors ix Darin Quach Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Sandi Raehtz Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Walter Ramsey Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Jonathan D. Schepper Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Daniel Schoenherr Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Danny T. Schoenherr Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Ally Shinouskis Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Michael D. Steury Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Francisco A. Sylvester Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Vaishali Veldurthy Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA Connie M. Weaver Purdue University, Nutrition Science, West Lafayette, IN, USA Ran Wei Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA Corrie M. Whisner Arizona State University, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona Biomedical Collaborative, Phoenix, AZ, USA Introduction The skeleton and the gastrointestinal tract are intricate, highly regulated organ sys- tems. Each system contains vasculature, nerve supply, lymphatics, immune cells, and resident specialized cells (i.e., osteoblasts and enterocytes) as well as a complex signaling network that involves hormones, nerves, immune cells, and paracrine fac- tors. While much research has focused on understanding the mechanisms defining organ function and health, the involvement of interactions between organs has received less attention. During the past decade, however, the role of organ-organ communication has become more apparent. For example, the skeleton actively regulates other systems through its secretion of osteocalcin, lipocalin, and FGF23. Osteocalcin, made by osteoblasts and osteocytes within bone, regulates pancreatic beta cell insulin secre- tion, insulin sensitivity, muscle and brain function, and testosterone production [1–3]. Lipocalin 2, a glucoprotein released by osteoblasts in response to food, binds receptors in the brain to suppress appetite [4]. FGF23, produced by osteocytes, sup- presses kidney phosphate absorption [5]. Similarly, studies are now demonstrating links between the gastrointestinal tract and the regulation of a multitude of distant organ functions/systems including the brain, metabolism, liver, muscle, and cardio- vascular and immune systems [6–8]. Similar to the regulation of other organs by gut or bone, it has become apparent that these two organs communicate with each other through a gut-bone axis that is far more complex and powerful than originally anticipated (Fig. 1). Bone has long been linked with the GI system because of the requirement for calcium absorption to promote bone mineralization; however, the GI tract communicates with bone through a variety of additional mechanisms that utilize blood, nerves, and immune cells. This book provides a comprehensive look at our current understanding of vari- ous factors that are involved in gut-bone signaling axis. In this context, chapters in Part I will address the role of intestinal regulation of calcium absorption, incretins (GIP, GLPs), serotonin, microbiota, and immune cells as mediators of gut-to-bone signaling. Part II will examine GI pathologies that impact bone density and health. These will include effects of modulating gastric acid secretion, intestinal inflamma- tion (IBD, celiac disease), conditions associated with epithelial barrier changes such xi
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