Understanding Pathophysiology

3751 Pages·2016·94.76 MB·English

by  Sue E. Huether

Understanding Pathophysiology
SIXTH EDITION
Sue E. Huether, MS, PhD
Professor Emeritus
College of Nursing
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
Kathryn L. McCance, MS, PhD
Professor Emeritus
College of Nursing
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
SECTION EDITORS
Valentina L. Brashers, MD
Professor of Nursing and Woodard Clinical Scholar
Attending Physician in Internal Medicine
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia
Neal S. Rote, PhD
Academic Vice-Chair and Director of Research
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University Hospitals Case Medical Center
William H. Weir, MD, Professor of Reproductive Biology and Pathology
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio
With more than 1000 illustrations

Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Health Alerts
Copyright
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Organization and Content: What's New in the Sixth Edition
Features to Promote Learning
Art Program
Teaching/Learning Package
Acknowledgments
Introduction to Pathophysiology
Part One Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology
Unit 1 The Cell
1 Cellular Biology
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Cellular Functions
Structure and Function of Cellular Components
Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction
Cellular Metabolism
Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
Cellular Reproduction: the Cell Cycle
Tissues
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
2 Genes and Genetic Diseases
DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level
Chromosomes
Elements of Formal Genetics
Transmission of Genetic Diseases
Linkage Analysis and Gene Mapping
Multifactorial Inheritance
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
3 Epigenetics and Disease
Epigenetic Mechanisms
Epigenetics and Human Development
Genomic Imprinting
Long-Term and Multigenerational Persistence of Epigenetic States Induced by Stochastic and
Environmental Factors
Epigenetics and Cancer
Future Directions
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
4 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Cellular Adaptation
Cellular Injury
Manifestations of Cellular Injury: Accumulations
Cellular Death
Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
Somatic Death
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
5 Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
Distribution of Body Fluids and Electrolytes
Alterations in Water Movement
Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance
Alterations in Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance
Alterations in Potassium and Other Electrolytes
Acid-Base Balance
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
Unit 2 Mechanisms of Self-Defense
6 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
Human Defense Mechanisms
Innate Immunity
Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Wound Healing
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
7 Adaptive Immunity
Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity
Antigens and Immunogens
Antibodies
Immune Response: Collaboration of B Cells and T Cells
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
8 Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense
Infection
Deficiencies in Immunity
Hypersensitivity: Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
9 Stress and Disease
Historical Background and General Concepts
The Stress Response
Stress, Personality, Coping, and Illness
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
Unit 3 Cellular Proliferation: Cancer
10 Biology of Cancer
Cancer Terminology and Characteristics
The Biology of Cancer Cells
Clinical Manifestations of Cancer
Diagnosis, Characterization, and Treatment of Cancer
Did You Understand?
Key Terms
References
11 Cancer Epidemiology
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tissue
In Utero and Early Life Conditions
Environmental-Lifestyle Factors
Did You Understand?
In Utero and Early Life Conditions
Key Terms
References