Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice PDF
Preview Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence-Based Practice SEVENTH EDITION Susan K. Grove, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, GNP-BC Professor Emerita, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas Adult Nurse Practitioner, WellMed Clinic, Grand Prairie, Texas Jennifer R. Gray, PhD, RN, FAAN Associate Dean, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Oklahoma Christian University, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Professor Emerita, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 2 Table of Contents Cover image Contents Title page Copyright Contributors and Reviewers Dedication Preface Learning resources to accompany understanding nursing research, 7th edition Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Its Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice What is nursing research? What is evidence-based practice? Historical development of research in nursing Acquiring knowledge in nursing Acquiring knowledge through nursing research Purposes of research for implementing an evidence-based nursing practice Understanding your role in nursing research Determining the best research evidence for practice Key Points Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantitative Research What is quantitative research? Problem-solving and nursing processes: basis for understanding the quantitative research process Identifying the steps of the quantitative research process Reading research reports Practice reading a quasi-experimental study Key Points 3 Chapter 3: Introduction to Qualitative Research Identifying the steps of the qualitative research process Qualitative research approaches Sampling and recruitment Data collection methods Data management and analysis Rigor in qualitative research Key Points Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research Unethical research: 1930s through the 1980s Ethical standards for research Protecting human subjects Understanding informed consent Understanding institutional review Current issues in research ethics Key Points Chapter 5: Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses What are research problems and purposes? Identifying the problem and purpose in quantitative and qualitative studies Determining the significance of a study problem and purpose Examining the feasibility of a study problem and purpose Examining research objectives, questions, and hypotheses in research reports Understanding study variables and research concepts Key Points Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review Purpose of the literature review Sources included in a literature review Critically appraising literature reviews Reviewing the literature Key Points Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks Understanding the elements of theory Levels of theoretical thinking Examples of critical appraisal of research frameworks Key Points Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs Identifying quantitative research designs in nursing studies 4 Understanding concepts relevant to quantitative research designs Examining the design validity of quantitative studies Descriptive designs Correlational designs Elements of designs examining causality Quasi-experimental designs Experimental designs Key Points Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research Understanding the key concepts of sampling theory Representativeness of a sample in quantitative research Probability sampling methods Nonprobability sampling methods commonly used in quantitative research Sample size in quantitative studies Sampling in qualitative research Sample size in qualitative studies Research settings Key Points Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research Concepts of measurement theory Accuracy, precision, and error of physiological measures Use of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios to determine the quality of diagnostic tests Measurement strategies in nursing Data collection process Key Points Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research Understanding theories and concepts of the statistical analysis process Identifying the steps of the data analysis process Statistics conducted to describe variables Determining the appropriateness of inferential statistics in studies Statistics conducted to examine relationships Statistics conducted to predict outcomes Statistics conducted to examine differences Interpreting research outcomes Key Points Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice Purpose of conducting critical appraisals of studies in nursing Key principles for conducting intellectual critical appraisals of quantitative and qualitative studies 5 Understanding the quantitative research critical appraisal process Example of a critical appraisal of a quantitative study Understanding the qualitative research critical appraisal process Example of a critical appraisal of a qualitative study Key Points Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Benefits and challenges related to evidence-based nursing practice Developing clinical questions to search for existing research-based evidence for use in practice Critically appraising research syntheses: systematic reviews and meta-analyses Critically appraising meta-syntheses Critically appraising mixed-methods systematic reviews Models to promote evidence-based practice in nursing Implementing evidence-based guidelines in practice Introduction to evidence-based practice centers Introduction to translational research Key Points Chapter 14: Introduction to Additional Research Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes Research Mixed methods research and design Outcomes research Key Points Glossary Index 6 Contents 1 Introduction to Nursing Research and Its Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice, 1 2 Introduction to Quantitative Research, 29 3 Introduction to Qualitative Research, 59 4 Examining Ethics in Nursing Research, 90 5 Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses, 119 6 Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review, 150 7 Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks, 172 8 Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs, 191 9 Examining Populations and Samples in Research, 228 10 Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research, 259 11 Understanding Statistics in Research, 292 12 Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice, 333 13 Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice, 387 14 Introduction to Additional Research Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes Research, 430 Glossary, 467 7 Copyright 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 UNDERSTANDING NURSING RESEARCH: BUILDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE, SEVENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-53205-1 Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2015, 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999, and 1995. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Control Number: 2018944739 Content Strategist: Lee Henderson 8 Content Development Specialist: Laurel Shea Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy Senior Project Manager: Rachel E. McMullen Design Direction: Renee Duenow Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 Contributors and Reviewers CONTRIBUTORS Christy J. Bomer-Norton , PhD, RN, CNM, IBCLC Concord, Massachusetts Kathryn M. Daniel , PhD, MS, BSN, BA Associate Professor, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas REVIEWERS Sue Ellen Bingham , PhD, RN Professor of Nursing, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia Sara L. Clutter , PhD, RN Professor of Nursing, Waynesburg University, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania Angela N. Cornelius , DNP, RN, CNE, CNL Associate Professor of Nursing, Central Methodist University, Fayette, Missouri Polly A. Hulme , PhD, CNP, RN Professor, College of Nursing, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota Tamara M. Kear , PhD, RN, CNS, CNN Associate Professor of Nursing, College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania Llynne C. Kiernan , DNP, MSN, RN-BC Assistant Professor of Nursing, Norwich University School of Nursing, Northfield, Vermont Kathleen S. Murtaugh , MSN, RN, CNA Assistant Professor, Saint Joseph College—St. Elizabeth School of Nursing Cooperative Program, Rensselaer, Indiana Michael Perlow , DNS, RN Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Professions, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky 10
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