UNDER THE SURFACE Tom Wilber UNDER THE SURFACE Fracking, Fortunes, and the Fate of the Marcellus Shale CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS, ITHACA AND LONDON Copyright © 2012 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2012 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wilber, Tom, 1958– Under the surface : fracking, fortunes and the fate of the Marcellus Shale / Tom Wilber. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5016-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Shale gas industry—New York (State) 2. Shale gas industry— Pennsylvania. 3. Hydraulic fracturing—New York (State) 4. Hydraulic fracturing— Pennsylvania. 5. Marcellus Shale. I. Title. HD9581.2.S53W55 2012 333.8'23309747—dc23 2011047166 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my wife, Julianne Boyd, and my mother, Florence Leonard Wilber CONTENTS Prologue: Cracks in the Rock 1 1. An Agent of Dreams 9 2. Coming Together 30 3. Gas Rush 70 4. Figures, Facts, and Information 93 5. Accidental Activists 129 6. The Division 165 7. Superior Forces 205 Epilogue: Back on Carter Road 223 Note to Readers 229 List of Figures and Maps 233 Notes 235 Index 263 UNDER THE SURFACE