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Under the Shadow of Defeat: The War of 1870–71 in French Memory PDF

311 Pages·2008·10.501 MB·English
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Under the Shadow of Defeat This page intentionally left blank Under the Shadow of Defeat The War of 1870–71 in French Memory Karine Varley ©KarineVarley2008 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-0-230-00519-8 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, 90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentified astheauthorofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2008by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XSand 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10010 Companiesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld PALGRAVEMACMILLANistheglobalacademicimprintofthePalgrave MacmillandivisionofSt.Martin’sPress,LLCandofPalgraveMacmillanLtd. Macmillan®isaregisteredtrademarkintheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom andothercountries.PalgraveisaregisteredtrademarkintheEuropean Unionandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-28191-6 ISBN 978-0-230-58234-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230582347 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 Contents ListofIllustrations vii ListofAcronyms ix Acknowledgements x Introduction 1 1 PoliticalFallout 25 Patriotictransfiguration 26 RepublicansandCatholics 41 Defeat,decadence,anddecline 44 2 TheCultoftheDead 56 Buryingthewardead 58 Ideasofsacrifice 63 3 Taboos 77 Thecultofthearmy 80 LegaciesoftheSecondEmpire 84 TheParisCommune 93 Algeriaandthecolonies 97 4 MemoriesfortheMasses 104 Formsandfunctions 105 Pilgrimagesandtourism 112 Museums 121 5 Legaciesofl’ann´´eterrible 129 MonumenttothedefenceofParis 139 Nationalistmemories 144 6 MartyrdomandResistance 152 Mythsofmartyrdom 153 Resistanceidentities 165 v vi Contents 7 TheLostProvinces 175 RepresentingAlsace-Lorraine 178 Revanche 191 8 ArmingtheNation 203 Armyandrepublic 205 Garibaldi 220 Conclusion 227 Notes 235 Bibliography 272 Index 292 List of Illustrations I.1 Mapofbattleandcommemorationsites 19 1.1 AntoninMercie´,GloriaVictis,Muse´eduPetitPalais,Paris (1874) 28 2.1 OssuaryinPe`reLachaiseCemetery,Paris 61 2.2 WargravesatFloing(Ardennes) 62 3.1 One´syme-Aristide Croisy, Monument aux morts de Sedan, Sedan(1893–1897) 86 3.2 Monument aux Chasseurs d’Afrique, Floing (Ardennes) (1910) 92 3.3 InscriptionontheMonumentauxChasseursd’Afrique 93 3.4 MonumentauxmortsdelaCommune,Montparnasse Cemetery,Paris 97 4.1 MonumentauxmortsdeBriouze,Briouze(Orne) 109 4.2 Monument aux morts de Villers-sur-Merr, Villers-sur-Mer (Calvados) 110 4.3 Monument aux morts de Fauquembergues, Fauquembergues (Pas-de-Calais) 111 4.4 BattlefieldsaroundWoerth(Bas-Rhin) 115 4.5 Maisondeladernie`recartouche,Bazeilles 123 5.1 OssuaryatChampigny-sur-Marne 138 5.2 Ernest Barrias, La de´´fense de Paris, Courbevoie, now LaDe´fense,Paris(1878–1883) 141 6.1 MonumentauxmortsdeBazeilles,Bazeilles(1875) 160 6.2 ListofthecivilianvictimsinBazeilles 161 6.3 OssuaryatBazeilles 162 7.1 LouisBogino,MonumentnationaldeMars-la-Tourr, Mars-la-Tour(Meurthe-et-Moselle)(1875) 182 7.2 MonumentauxmortsdeBelfortt,Belfort 184 7.3 AugusteBartholdi,LiondeBelfortt,Belfort(1872–1880) 185 7.4 AntoninMercie´,QuandMMMˆeme,Belfort(1878–1883) 186 7.5 Auguste Bartholdi, Monument aux trois sie`ges, Belfort (1904–1908) 187 7.6 Auguste Bartholdi, Lion de Belfortt, Place Denfert- Rochereau,Paris(1880) 188 vii viii ListofIllustrations 7.7 Bavarianossuary,Woerth(Bas-Rhin) 188 7.8 Frenchwargrave,Woerth(Bas-Rhin) 189 7.9 ReconstructedmonumentatWissembourg(Bas-Rhin) 199 8.1 PaulCabet,Larrre´´sistance,Dijon(replica,1880) 207 8.2 EtiennePagny,MonumentauxenfantsduRhoˆne, Lyon(1878–1887) 215 List of Acronyms ADC ArchivesDe´partementalesdelaCoˆte-d’Or ADMM ArchivesDe´partementalesdeMeurtheetMoselle ADR ArchivesDe´partementalesduRhoˆne ADTB ArchivesDe´partementalesduTerritoiredeBelfort AMB ArchivesMunicipalesdeBelfort AMD ArchivesMunicipalesdeDijon AML ArchivesMunicipalesdeLyon AN ArchivesNationales AP ArchivesdeParis AVS ArchivesdelaVilledeSedan ix

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