Unauthorized Access The Crisis in Online Privacy and Security

381 Pages·2013·22.074 MB·English

by  Robert H. Sloan, Richard Warner

Computer Science Law and Technology
S
UnaUThOrized lo
a
n

•
aCCeSS W
a
r
n
e
r
The Crisis in
Online Privacy and Security
U
n
Going beyond current books on privacy and security, Unauthorized Access: The Crisis
in Online Privacy and Security proposes specific solutions to public policy issues a
pertaining to online privacy and security. Requiring no technical or legal expertise, the
U
book explains complicated concepts in clear, straightforward language.
T
The authors—two renowned experts on computer security and law—explore the well-
h
established connection between social norms, privacy, security, and technological
structure. This approach is the key to understanding information security and
O
informational privacy, providing a practical framework to address ethical and legal issues.
The authors also discuss how rapid technological developments have created novel
r
situations that lack relevant norms and present ways to develop these norms for protecting
informational privacy and ensuring sufficient information security.
i
z
Features
• Explains how to respond to the increasing unauthorized access to online e
information
d
• Describes sophisticated technological, economic, legal, and public policy issues
in plain English

• Examines the crucial link between informational privacy and information a
security
• Offers concrete suggestions for developing social norms needed to protect C
informational privacy and ensure adequate information security
• Provides a practical framework in which ethical and legal issues about privacy C
and security can be effectively addressed
e
Bridging the gap among computer scientists, economists, lawyers, and public policy S
makers, this book provides technically and legally sound public policy guidance about
online privacy and security. It emphasizes the need to make trade-offs among the complex S
concerns that arise in the context of online privacy and security.
K11474
ISBN: 978-1-4398-3013-0
90000
9 781439 830130
K11474_COVER_final.indd 1 6/10/13 12:00 PM

UnaUThOrized
aCCeSS
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The Crisis in
Online Privacy and Security

UnaUThOrized
aCCeSS
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The Crisis in
Online Privacy and Security
robert h. Sloan • richard Warner
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20130208
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-3014-7 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has
not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit-
ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC,
a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents at a Glance
Preface, xix
Acknowledgments, xxi
Authors, xxiii
Chapter 1 ◾ I ntroduction 1
Chapter 2 ◾ A n Explanation of the Internet, Computers,
and Data Mining 13
Chapter 3 ◾ N orms and Markets 53
Chapter 4 ◾ I nformational Privacy: The General Theory 75
Chapter 5 ◾ I nformational Privacy: Norms and Value
Optimality 95
Chapter 6 ◾ S oftware Vulnerabilities and the Low-Priced
Software Norm 125
Chapter 7 ◾ S oftware Vulnerabilities: Creating
Best Practices 157
Chapter 8 ◾ C omputers and Networks: Attack
and Defense 181
Chapter 9 ◾ M alware, Norms, and ISPs 221
v
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
vi   ◾   Contents at a Glance
Chapter 10 ◾ M alware: Creating a Best Practices Norm 251
Chapter 11 ◾ T racking, Contracting, and Behavioral
Advertising 273
Chapter 12 ◾ F rom One-Sided Chicken to Value Optimal
Norms 303
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents
Preface, xix
Acknowledgments, xxi
Authors, xxiii
Chapter 1 ◾ I ntroduction 1
INTRODUCTION 1
THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE IN BETWEEN 2
The Good 2
The Bad 2
The In Between 3
MAKING TRADE-OFFS 4
VALUES 7
Profit-Motive-Driven Businesses 8
POLITICS 9
TODAY AND TOMORROW: WEB 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 10
A LOOK AHEAD 11
NOTES AND REFERENCES 11
FURTHER READING 12
Chapter 2 ◾ A n Explanation of the Internet, Computers,
and Data Mining 13
INTRODUCTION 13
PRIMER ON THE INTERNET 13
History 15
vii
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
viii   ◾   Contents
Nature of the Internet: Packet-Switched Network 17
End-to-End Principle and the “Stupid” Network 19
A More Technical View 22
Horizontal View: One Home’s LAN to the Backbone 22
Vertical View: Internet Protocol Suite 24
Internet Layer 25
Transport Layer 26
Application Layer 28
How the Layers Work Together: Packet Encapsulation 28
Numerical Addresses to Names: DNS 30
Putting It All Together 30
PRIMER ON COMPUTERS 31
Basic Elements of a Computer 33
Operating Systems 38
PRIMER ON DATA, DATABASES, AND DATA MINING 40
Data and Their Representation 40
Databases 43
Information Extraction or Data Mining 43
NOTES AND REFERENCES 48
FURTHER READING 49
Chapter 3 ◾ N orms and Markets 53
INTRODUCTION 53
NORMS DEFINED 53
The Examples 53
The Definition 54
Why People Conform to Norms 54
Ought or Self-Interest? 55
How Do Norms Get Started? 55
COORDINATION NORMS 56
Examples 56
Definition of a Coordination Norm 58
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC