Ultrasound Anatomy of Lower Limb Muscles: A Practical Guide

176 Pages·2015·23.04 MB·English

by  Enzo Silvestri, Alessandro Muda, Davide Orlandi (auth.)

Enzo Silvestri
Alessandro Muda
Davide Orlandi
Ultrasound Anatomy
of Lower Limb Muscles
A Practical Guide
Foreword by
Nicola Maff ulli
123
U ltrasound Anatomy of Lower Limb
Muscles
E nzo S ilvestri • A lessandro M uda
D avide O rlandi

U ltrasound Anatomy
of Lower Limb Muscles
A Practical Guide
Foreword by Nicola Maffulli
E nzo S ilvestri D avide O rlandi
S truttura Complessa di Diagnostica per D ipartimento di Radiologia
Immagini ed Ecografi a Interventistica Università degli studi di Genova
Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale Genoa
Genoa I taly
I taly
A lessandro M uda
D ipartimento di Radiologia
IRCCS Ospedale San Martino IST
Genoa
I taly
I SBN 978-3-319-09479-3 ISBN 978-3-319-09480-9 (eBook)
D OI 10.1007/978-3-319-09480-9
S pringer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014954746
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F oreword
The principles of musculoskeletal medicine have been established centuries
ago, and serve us well. The ‘look, feel move’ paradigm is engrained in
our psyche. It allows us to be effi cient and effective, and guides accurate
diagnosis and appropriate management. Nevertheless, to be accurate and
effective, at times we need to extend the reach of our senses, and make sure
that we have more objective elements to formulate a diagnosis, and to
o bjectively assess whether our proposed management is working.
U ltrasonography has come to the forefront in the last few years: it is
n on-i nvasive, it is widely available, it has reached a level of image quality and
a sophistication in techniques that allows a resolution of less that 2 mm, and
it is relatively cheap. It has been criticised for being operator-dependent.
This is partially true, but standardisation of imaging techniques and of
r eporting styles minimizes this latter concern. Health care professionals need
to be trained in ultrasonography: it requires time, and to become experienced,
errors have to be made, and cherished. Therefore, Drs. Silvestri, Muda, and
Orlandi should be congratulated for several reasons: they have had
the f oresight of putting together a text which can be used as baseline for
reference and teaching; they have succeeded in recruiting a whole series of
authors who are at the forefront in this fi eld; and, last but not least, they have
produced for themselves perpetual work: advances in this fi eld will require
themselves and their authors to continue to update their knowledge, and put
it forward to the readers.
I expect that my own copy will be well thumbed: one never ends learning
in our fi eld, and U ltrasound Anatomy of Lower Limb Muscles: A Practical
Guide makes it topical and pleasant.
E njoy it!
L ondon, UK N . M affulli
v
C ontents
Part I Basic Principles of Muscles Ultrasound
1 US Basic Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Silvia Perugin Bernardi, Alice Arcidiacono,
and Enzo Silvestri
2 Doppler Technologies and Ultrasound Elastography . . . . . . . . 11
Riccardo Sartoris and Alessandro Muda
3 Normal Anatomy and Biomechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Davide Orlandi and Silvia Perugin Bernardi
4 Ultrasound Basic Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Riccardo Sartoris and Enzo Silvestri
5 Muscles Dynamic US Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Davide Orlandi, Angelo Corazza, and Piero Gatto
6 Muscle Injuries: Pathophysiology
and New Classifi cation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Nicola Maffulli, Angelo Del Buono, and Enzo Silvestri
Part II Thigh Muscles
7 Sartorius and Tensor Fasciae Latae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Davide Orlandi, Enzo Silvestri, and Luca Maria Sconfi enza
8 Iliopsoas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Emanuele Fabbro and Alessandro Muda
9 Quadriceps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Davide Orlandi and Giulio Ferrero
10 Adductors, Gracilis, and Pectineus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Angelo Corazza and Enzo Silvestri
11 Gluteal and Piriformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Alice Arcidiacono and Alessandro Muda
12 Hamstrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Davide Orlandi and Luca Maria Sconfi enza
vii
viii Contents
Part III Leg Muscles
13 Popliteus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Riccardo Sartoris and Enzo Silvestri
14 Peroneal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Silvia Perugin Bernardi and Alessandro Muda
15 Triceps Surae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Davide Orlandi and Angelo Corazza
16 Flexor Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Emanuele Fabbro, Giulio Ferrero, and Alessandro Muda
17 Extensor Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Davide Orlandi and Alice Arcidiacono
Part IV Sectional Anatomical Tables
18 Thigh Compartments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Enzo Silvestri and Claudio Mazzola
19 Leg Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Alessandro Muda and Amedeo Baldari
P art I
B asic Principles of Muscles Ultrasound