Ultrasonic Imaging and Holography: Medical, Sonar, and Optical Applications PDF
Preview Ultrasonic Imaging and Holography: Medical, Sonar, and Optical Applications
Ultrasonic Imaging and Holography Medical, Sonar, and Optical Applications Edited by George W. Stroke State University of New York Stony Brook, New York and Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Winston E. Kock Visiting Professor, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio and Consultant, The Bendix Corporation Yoshimitsu Kikuchi Tohoku University Sendai, Japan and Jumpei Tsujiuchi Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan illtrasonic Imaging and Holography Medical, Sonar, and Optical Applications PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK- LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data U. S.-Japan Science Cooperation Seminar on Pattern Information Processing in Ultrasonic Imaging, 3d, University of Hawaii, 1973. Ultrasonic imaging and holography. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Ultrasonics in medicine-Congresses. 2. Electronic data processing-Medi. cine-Congresses. 3. Holography-Congresses. I. Stroke, George W., ed. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Holography - Congresses. 2. Ultrasonics - Congresses. W3UN61 1973u / QC244.S US8 1973u) R89S.Al US4 1 3 610'.28 74·1371 ISBN·13:978·1·4613·449S·7 e.ISBN·13:978·1·4613·4493·3 DOl: 10.1007/978·1·4613·4493·3 Proceedings of the U.S. - Japan Science Cooperation Seminar on Pattern Information Processing in Ultrasonic Imaging, held January 7·13,1973, at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii © 1974 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1974 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. lOOn United Kingdom edition published by Plenum Press, London A Division of Plenum Publishing Company, Ltd. 4a Lower John Street, London WIR 3PD, England All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher FOREWORD This book contains the cm1'1plete set of papers presen- ted at the Third United States-Japan Science Cooperation SeITlinar on the Subj ect of Holographic IITlaging and Infor ITlation Processing, held at Hawaii, January 8 to 13, 1973, under the joint sponsorship of the National Science Foun dation and the Japan Society for the ProITlotion of Science. The papers present the latest advances and state of the art in areas ranging froITl ultrasonic holography, radar and sonar to ultrasonic pulse-echo iITlaging, acoustic ITlicro scopy and iITlage proces sing in bioITledical engineering. COITlputer proces sing of ultrasonic iITlages is extensively discussed. Several papers describe the reITlarkable appli cations of ultrasonics in ITledical diagnostics. One describes new features in R&D ITlanageITlent that are particularly rele vant to the field as a result of recent changes in national science and technology policies. We also present the ITlost recent advances in the powerful ITlethods of iITlage iITlprove ITlent (sharpening, deblurring) which have been ITlade poss ible with the aid of holograITls used as cOITlputing eleITlents; the holographic iITlage deblurring ITlethod is capable of an astonishing iITlproveITlent of iITlages that are still unattainable with even the ITlost powerful digital cOITlputer ITlethods. The book follows the 1971 PlenuITl Publishing COITlpany book, "Applications of Holography", which cOITlprised the papers presented at the Second U. S. -Japan SeITlinar held in Wash ington, D. C., October 13 to 18, 1969. In both these seITl inars, the discoverer of holography, Professor Dennis Gabor who received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work, was an active participant. All three seITlinars (the first having taken place in Japan froITl October 2 to 6, 1967) were sponsored jointly by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the ProITlotion of Science. The singular role of Gilbert B. Devey, PrograITl Director, Nat ional Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., in stiITlulating the three ITleetings is noted with ITluch gratitude. v vi FOREWORD Since medical ultrasonic diagnostics has recently be come a field of major activity in clinical applications as well as in industrial exploitation, a few additional introductory remarks may be useful. The comments may help, also, in drawing attention to the timeliness of the papers which de scribe the intense current research activity in the field. Productivity in health care delivery and early screen- ing for possible disease may indeed be considerably im proved by use of the new method of ultrasonic diagnostics which is now under intensive development in leading academic, national and industrial laboratories around the world. Ad vanced prototype ultrasonic imaging already makes it possible to reveal non-invasively (in an X-ray like manner), disease (or the absence of it) in almost all human internal soft tissue organs including the prostate, the bladder, the heart, and the breasts, among others. A widespread use of ultrasonic im aging is also made in obstetrics. Strikingly remarkable im ages of fetuses are being readily obtained with needle-like sharpness in the best cases, starting even earlier than the 10th week of pregnancy. The method permits one to guide an aspirating needle in order to extract some of the aITlniotic fluid without injury to the fetus, in view of exaITlining chroITl osomes for pos sible abnorITlalities. These are just a few representative illustrations of the many diverse uses of the ITlethod of medical ultrasonic diagnostics which are now being perfected, and of which the principles and details are being presented in this volUITle by leading authorities in the field. The role of holography in ultrasonic imaging was also pio neered by Professor Dennis Gabor, Inventor of the field, and one of the authors. The iITlportance of the papers is enhanced by the reports of recent clinical experiITlents which have demonstrated the usefulness of ultrasonic iITlaging for diagnostic visualization. The method is cOITlplementary to radiography, nuclear ITled icine and therITlography, aITlong others. It may be used safely, notably in cases where other methods are either in applicable or perhaps hazardous (e. g., as are ionizing rad iations in the case of pregnancies). FOREWORD vii In addition to the use of ultrasonics for medicaliag nostics, this volume also presents the results of pionL'~r ing use of ultrasonics in surgery (e. g., the brain). The important advances in ultrasonic diagnostics rt; vealed by the U. S. - Japan 1973 Hawaii seminar also resul ted in the formation by the National Science Foundation of a special "Blue Ribbon Task Force on Ultrasonic Imaging" in February, 1973. Under the chairmanship of John B. Man niello, a special consultant to NSF (then Vice President of Government Operations at CBS Laboratories, and since, Science Attache to the U. S. Ambassador to Italy); and the direction of C. Branson Smith, Director of the Office of Experimental R&D Incentives at NSF, the Task Force carried out a world survey of the state of the art in ultra sonic medical diagnostics and made recommendations for accelerating more widespread clinical use of ultrasonic instrumentation and increased industrial participation. The Task Force consulted with leading medical and industrial authorities in the world, in countries ranging from the Uni ted States, Japan, Germany, Great Britain and Austria, to Den mark, Sweden, Holland and Australia, among others. It reported through C. Branson Smith to Dr H. Guyford Stever, Director of the National Science Foundation (concurrently also, the Science Advisor to the President of the United States). It included Professor Dennis Gabor, Nobel Laureate; Dr Frederick Seitz, President of Rockefeller University; Dr E. D. Pellegrino, Vice President for Health Sciences at Stony Brook (and now Chancellor of the University of Ten nessee Medical Center); Dr William E. Glenn, Director of Research at CBS Laboratories in Stamford, Connecticut; Dr Leonard Weiss, Director of Experimental Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute; Dr Lester Goodman, Chief of Biomedical Engineering, National Institutes of Health; Dr Gilbert B. Devey, National Science Foundation; and Dr George W. Stroke, of Stony Brook and Harvard Medical School. An official report has been made by the National Science Foundation. viii FOREWORD While the formal editorship of the volume was the responsibility of the co-chairmen, we want to acknowledge with particular gratitude the leading role of Mrs Gladys Hayes, Professor Dennis Gabor's Administrative Assis tant at CBS Laboratories, in actively assuming the respons ibility for the assembly, organization and preparation of the papers, as well as the editing and retyping of a major part of the manuscripts into their camera-ready form. The two United States editors also express their sin cere appreciation to the two Japanese editors, Professor Y. Kikuchi, and Professor J. Tsujiuchi for their very effective participation in the editorial work; and notably for obtaining manuscripts representative of the latest state of the art in Japan. The historical review, fully documen ted and beautifully illustrated, as included by Professor Y. Kikuchi in his report, will be found to be as useful to ad vanced workers as it will be by those wanting to enter the field. Special thanks are also due Mr Renville H. McMann, President of CBS Laboratories, in supporting this work, notably by providing use of the facilities of CBS Labor atories, and for his particular interest in encouraging the work in the field of ultrasonic imaging, in view of its full implementation on a national and worldwide scale. The present volume of scientific and technological papers, together with the existing literature in the field, notably by such authorities as Professors P. N. T. Wells and Y. Kikuchi, will be found to be a particularly useful basis for the work on the accelerated development and clinical use of medical ultrasonic instrumentation. George W. Stroke Winston E. Kock CONTENTS IMAGE PROCESSING IN BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING • • • • • • • • . • • • • •• 1 K. Atsum.i ULTRASONIC HOLOGRAPHY: A PRACTICAL SYSTEM .• 87 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • B. B. Brenden NEW DIMENSIONS FOR R&D PROGRAM MANAGEMENT· ••••••••••••• ·105 G. B. Devey ULTRASONIC TISSUE VISUALIZATION AND SURGERY I~ BRAIN· •••••••••••• 125 F. J. Fry and R. C. Eggleton A PROJECT OF ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHY ("SONORADIOGRAPHY") ••••••.••• 151 D. Gabor IMAGE INFORMATION PROCESSING FOR PULSE ECHO SCANNING METHODS •••• 159 M. Ide ULTRASONIC IMAGING AT STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE. • • • • • . • 191 E. D. Jones OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING AND ACOUSTO-OPTICS ••••••••••••• 201 H. Kashiwagi and K. Sakurai PRESENT ASPECTS OF "ULTRASONOTOMO- GRAPHY" FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS' ·229 Y. Kikuchi ix x CONTENTS NEW FORMS OF ULTRASONIC AND RADAR IMAGING· ••.•.••••••••••.•• 287 W. E. Kock ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY• ••.•••.•••••••. 345 A. Korpel SOME ASPECTS OF OPTICAL HOLOGRAPHY THAT MIGHT BE OF INTEREST FOR ACOUSTICAL IMAGING. •••• 363 A. W. Lohmann SIGNAL PROCESSING METHOD IN ULTRA- SCONIC SCANNING TECHNIQUE· ••••• 379 M. Okujima U LTRASONO-CAR DIO-TOMOGRAPHY ••.• ·425 Y. Kikuchi, D. Okuyama, and M. Tanaka COMPUTER PROCESSING OF ULTRASONIC IMAGES •••.•••••••.•••..•• 455 M. Onoe OPTICAL IMAGE IMPROVEMENT IN BIO MEDICAL ELECTRON MICRO- SCOpy AND ULTRASONICS· •.•.•. 503 G. W. Stroke and M. Halioua ULTRASONIC HOLOGRAPHY BY TRANS DUCER ARRAY AND LIQUID- CRYSTAL DEVICE • . • • • . 517 M. Suzuki, T. Iwasaki, S. Fujiki, and A. Hakoyama HOLOGRAPHIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE SONAR SYSTEM. • . • • •• • ••••• 531 J. T sujiuchi, S. U eha, and K. U enD
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