TWENTY EVOLUTIONARY BLUNDERS Dangers and Difficulties of Darwinian Thinking Randy J. Guliuzza Dallas, Texas ICR.org TWENTY EVOLUTIONARY BLUNDERS Dangers and Difficulties of Darwinian Thinking BY RANDY J. GULIUZZA, P.E., M.D. First printing: November 2017 Copyright © 2017 by the Institute for Creation Research. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be used in any form without written permis- sion of the publisher, with the exception of brief excerpts in articles and reviews. For more information, write to Institute for Creation Research, P. O. Box 59029, Dallas, TX 75229. All Scripture quotations are from the New King James Version. ISBN: 978-1-946246-01-1 Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2017957395 Please visit our website for other books and resources: ICR.org Printed in the United States of America. Table of Contents Introduction ...............................................................................................5 1 Evolutionary Predictions Fail the Reality Test ...............................9 2 The Eugenics Disaster ..................................................................19 3 The Imaginary Piltdown Man ........................................................29 4 Survival of the Fittest, Eugenics, and Abortion ...........................41 5 Our Useful Appendix—Evidence of Design, Not Evolution .........51 6 Are Whales and Evolution Joined at the Hip? .............................61 7 The “Poor Design” of Our Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ................71 8 Berra’s Blunder ..............................................................................81 9 The Fatal Flaws of Living Fossils ..................................................91 10 Breaking Dollo’s Law ...................................................................101 11 The “Degenerate” Genetic Code? ...............................................111 12 The Imaginary Archaeoraptor ......................................................121 13 Evolutionists Can’t See Eye Design............................................129 14 Haeckel’s Embryos Born of Evolutionary Imagination ..............141 15 Imagining That Life Is Only Chemistry .......................................153 16 Neanderthals Were Subhuman in Imagination Only .................163 17 Evolutionary Psychology for Serious Tabloid Readers ............173 18 Convergent Evolution Is a Seductive Intellectual Swindle .......185 19 Evolutionists Falsely Predict “Junk DNA” ...................................197 20 Evolutionists Dismiss Evidence, Preferring Theory ..................207 Image Credits .........................................................................................218 About the Author ...................................................................................219 3 Introduction T his book takes a historical trip through the scientific literature of evolutionists. It reveals how many of their sensationalized theories have been exposed as chiefly imaginary stories. Each chapter will show how the power of imagination enables scientists to visualize what they are looking for…even when it was never there. The content will highlight key mystical premises of evolutionary theory—spe- cifically, how nature is assumed to have creative intelligence. Evolutionists envision nature as mysteriously exercising creative agency, and they project volitional abilities onto the environ- ment. In addition, each chapter usually teaches something new about the important roles of worldviews, research programs, and so on in the operation of science. Knowing why these evolutionary blunders are the prod- uct of extremely fertile imaginations also explains why they are likely to happen again. A fundamental pillar of evolutionary theory is extrapolation wherein evolutionists observe present- day organisms and must imaginatively visualize backward through vast periods of time to infer what their ancestors were like. The amount of imagination conjured up is proportional to the enormity of time. Darwin himself introduced this inap- 5 propriate methodology into scientific research which I have called look-imagine-see. Evolutionists look at a feature of nature, imagine an evolutionary origin, and then see what they expect. This book documents that these blunders did not grow out of the tentative, cloudy speculations of hypotheses, but from imaginary stories with vivid details. Another reason to expect a recurrence of more blunders is that Darwin’s death-driven evolutionary mechanism is itself not a fully observable process, but includes mystical events which, again, are envisioned only in someone’s mind. A theory is judged by its predictions. So accounting for decades of failed predictions is another good reason to com- pile the dismal evolutionary track record into a single reference. Before any of the accounts in these chapters were blunders, they were once believed to be a confirmation of an evolutionary pre- diction. In their heyday, they were unabashedly taught as fact and widely touted as evidence for the strength of evolution. With much fanfare, they did their job of swaying public opin- ion for evolution—even as scientific research was being mis- led. But when they were eventually exposed as scientific flops, evolutionists quietly swept them under the rug. They retained discredited materials in textbooks and museum exhibits, and deflected attention toward the self-correcting nature of the sci- entific method. While exposing them as spectacular blunders may seem to be bashing evolution, it is primarily targeted to demonstrate the weakness of evolutionary theory. If nothing more than for truth’s sake, there is a need to bring them to light. Each topic carefully references the historical background material and the latest literature which should assist as a starting point if further research is desired. 6 Credit for the idea behind Twenty Evolutionary Blunders goes to ICR’s CEO Dr. Henry M. Morris III. I am grateful for the editorial expertise of Beth Mull, Truett Billups, Michael Stamp, Christy Hardy, and the Director of Communications Jayme Durant. Dr. Jeffery Tomkins, ICR’s geneticist, reviewed my manuscripts, often with the help of ICR’s Science Writer Brian Thomas. I’m particularly thankful for my wife June, who also proofread each article and patiently acted as a sounding board for long, and sometimes initially disorganized, monologues which were useful to me for amplifying content on these topics. 7 1 Evolutionary Predictions Fail the Reality Test Summary Both creationists and evolutionists make predictions based upon their worldview. When it comes to genetics, creationists predicted similarity. However, evolutionists predicted the oppo- site. They predicted that similar features would have different underlying genetics because there’s no way millions of years of random mutations, in different ancestral lines, would happen to be the same. Late in the 1970s, Hox genes were discovered, and the evolutionists were proven spectacularly wrong. Hox genes are similar genetic sequences that program similar features, and they appear in such vastly different creatures such as flies, mice, humans, elephants, and just about every animal in the kingdom. Evolutionist Sean Carroll says, “Disparate animals were built using not just the same kinds of tools, but indeed, the very same genes!” As an amazing confirmation of creation predictions, Hox genes show that creatures are the result of common design, not random mutations. 9