Turbomachines: Aeroelasticity, Aeroacoustics, and Unsteady Aerodynamics

469 Pages·2006·12.91 MB·English

by  Hall

Turbomachines:
Aeroelasticity,
Aeroacoustics,
and Unsteady
Aerodynamics
Edited by
V. Skibin
V. Saren
N. Savin
S. Frolov
TORUS PRESS
Moscow 2006
V.A. Skibin
P.I.BaranovCentralInstituteofAviationMotors
Moscow111116,Russia
V.E. Saren
P.I.BaranovCentralInstituteofAviationMotors
Moscow111116,Russia
N.M. Savin
P.I.BaranovCentralInstituteofAviationMotors
Moscow111116,Russia
S.M. Frolov
N.N.SemenovInstituteofChemicalPhysics
RussianAcademyofSciences
Moscow119991,Russia
(cid:129)(cid:129)(cid:138) 39.56
(cid:146) 86
(cid:147)(cid:132)(cid:138) 62-135:629.7.015;681.883.068
Turbomachines: Aeroelasticity, Aeroacoustics, and Unsteady
Aerodynamics / [Edited by V.A. Skibin, V.E. Saren, N.M. Savin,
S.M. Frolov].| Moscow: TORUS PRESSLtd.,2006. | 472p. Tabl. 25,
ill.259.
ISBN5-94588-041-8
Thebookincludes34revisedandeditedarticlesonaeroelasticityofblades,
gas-dynamicsofvibratingbladerows,rotor{statorinteraction,aeroacoustics,
andunsteadyaerodynamicsofturbomachines.Thebookispublishedincon-
nectionwiththe11thInternationalSymposiumonUnsteadyAerodynamics,
Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticityof Turbomachines(ISUAAAT-2006) held
inMoscow,Russia,September4{8,2006. TheSymposiumwasorganizedby
P.I.BaranovCentralInstituteofAviationMotors. Thevolumeisaddressed
toresearchscientistsdealingwithunsteadyprocessesinturbomachinesand
powerplantdesignersandengineers.
(cid:129)(cid:129)(cid:138) 39.56
ISBN 5-94588-041-8 (cid:13)c TORUS PRESSLtd.,2006
ManagingEditor L.Kokushkina ArtEditor M.Sedakova
TechnicalEditor T.Torzhkova CoverDesign P. Sedakov
PrintedinRussianFederation
F
oreword
Thecyclicprocess ofenergytransformationinturbomachinesisaccom-
panied with (cid:13)ow oscillations in the passage. These oscillations induce
mechanical vibrations of structural elements, radiation of noise, and
contribute to gasdynamicenergy losses. Therefore, such issues as relia-
bility,durability,eÆciency, and ecology of turbomachinery are directly
determinedbythelevelofourknowledgeinunsteadygas-dynamicsand
aeroelasticity. It is therefore worth considering the accomplishmentsin
this (cid:12)eld ofscience and technology,as well as the development ofe(cid:11)ec-
tive means implementingscienti(cid:12)c results into practical devices, as the
most promising roadway towards further improvements in the perfor-
mance of turbomachines.
International symposia like ISUAAAT are known to focus on par-
ticular issues with their thorough analysis including fundamental un-
derstanding of relevant problemsand elaboratingadvanced approaches
to put the new knowledge into practical applications. The tradition to
publish the contributions to the symposiumin a bound volume is cer-
tainly valuable for the international community of research engineers
and designers of turbomachinery.
O.N. Favorskii
Academician
Russian Academy of Sciences
v
P
reface
Thisvolumecontinuesthetraditionofpublishingthecontributionssub-
mittedtoandpresented atinternationalsymposiaonunsteady aerody-
namics,aeroacoustics,andaeroelasticityinturbomachines(ISUAAAT).
The (cid:12)rst symposiuminthe series wasorganized byProf.R.Legen-
dre inParisinSeptember1976,i.e.,30yearsago. Subsequent symposia
were held inLosanne, Switzerland (1980),Cambridge,England(1984),
Aachen, Germany (1987), Beijin, People’s Republic of China (1989),
Notre Dane, USA (1991), Fukuoka, Japan (1994), Stockholm, Sweden
(1997), Lion, France (2000), and Darem, USA (2003). As is seen, the
tradition of the ISUAAAT meetings every three years is settled. The
ISUAAAT-2006, which formed the basis for this volume, was held in
Moscow, Russia, September 4{8, 2006, and organized by P.I. Baranov
Central Institute of Aviation Motors.
The periodic organization of the symposia indicates the persistent
interest to its topical scope. Despite the issues addressing unsteady
(cid:13)ow phenomenaand aeroelasticity are discussed at manyother confer-
ences related to turbomachinery,the ISUAAAT meetings sustain their
signi(cid:12)cance for the community. On the one hand, this is explained pri-
marily by growing requirements to advanced turbomachines in terms
of durability, eÆciency, and noise. On the other hand, the variety and
complexityofunsteady phenomenainturbomachinespose anumberof
questions related to fundamentalhydro- and aerodynamics. The latter
is caused, (cid:12)rst of all, by high frequencies of relevant processes and by
interaction of neighboring stator and rotor bladerows. It is commonly
understood that one of the most complicated issues to be resolved at
thedesignstageistheaccountforaeroelasticvibrationsofbladesinthe
(cid:13)ow paths of turbomachines. The main speci(cid:12)c feature of ISUAAAT
meetings is that they are focused on the discussion of multiple issues
relevant to unsteady phenomena in turbomachines.
The book includes 34 articles, which are grouped in six chapters
according to the ISUAAAT-2006 topics. When composing the chap-
ters, the editors intended to select the articles (cid:12)tting a proper topic in
vi
Preface
the general scope. In particular,the (cid:12)rst two chapters deal with aeroe-
lasticity although blade vibrations in the (cid:13)ow are considered solely in
Chapter 1. This chapter contains contributions on (cid:13)utter and some
novel computationalapproaches related to it. Chapter 2 combines the
articlesdedicatedtounsteadyaerodynamicloadingofbladesoscillating
in the preset modes with prede(cid:12)ned frequencies. The articles consider-
ingvariousaspectsofrotor{statorinteractionareincludedinChapter3.
Chapter 4 contains the articles aimedat studies of various sources and
propagation modes of acoustic disturbances in the turbomachine pas-
sages. The papers on computational methods for unsteady (cid:13)ows in
turbomachines are grouped in Chapter 5, and Chapter 6 deals with
physical e(cid:11)ects accompanyingunsteady (cid:13)ows. In general, the contents
of the book re(cid:13)ect the state-of-the-art in the theoretical and experi-
mentalstudies of unsteady (cid:13)ows in turbomachines. This can be useful
forevaluatingthe predicting capabilityof computercodes proposed for
practical calculations.
The volume was published before the opening of the ISUAAAT-
2006. We thank all authors for preparing their papers and spending
their time and e(cid:11)orts with the editors on improving the text, (cid:12)gures,
andscopeoftheircontributionsto(cid:12)twiththeoverallgoalsofthebook.
On our profound belief, these e(cid:11)orts are justi(cid:12)ed by timelypublishing
of the Symposiumproceeding.
On behalf ofthe ISUAAAT-2006OrganizingCommittee,we thank
the members of the International Scienti(cid:12)c Committee of ISUAAAT,
H.M. Atassi (USA), T.P. Crisval (France), P. Ferrand (France),
T.H. Fransson (Sweden), K.C. Hall (USA), M. Imregun (U.K.),
R.E. Kielb (USA), M. Namba (Japan), T. Nagashima (Japan),
J.M. Verdon (USA), and D.S. Whitehead (U.K.), for their decision
to have the Symposium-2006 in Moscow and for continuous support
during Symposiumpreparations.
WewouldliketocalllateProfessorG.Yu.Stepanov(1922{2005)to
our memory,who rendered assistance to the Organizing Committeeat
theverybeginningofSymposiumpreparations. ProfessorG.Yu.Stepa-
nov was a participant of the First ISUAAAT Symposium and edited
(cid:3)
Russian translation of the SymposiumProceedings .
(cid:3)
Stepanov,G.Yu., ed. 1979. Unsteady (cid:13)ows in turbomachines. Moscow: Mir
Publ.
vii
Turbomachines: Aeroelasticity,Aeroacoustics,andUnsteadyAerodynamics
It isalsoappropriatetoacknowledge withsincere thanksAcademi-
cian G.G. Chernyi, Academician O.N. Favorskii, Academician
V.M. Titov, and Professor V.B. Kurzin for their help in preparing
the Symposium.
Wethank the sponsoring agencies, InternationalScience and Tech-
nologyCenter(ISTC),RussianFoundationforBasicResearch(RFBR),
NPO\Saturn,"V.V.ChernyshevMoscowMachine-BuildingPlant,\Si-
lovye Mashiny," Ltd., OKBM \Soyus" and UK \Permsky Mashinos-
troitelnyi Komplex," Inc., for their (cid:12)nancial support, without which
organization of the symposiumlike ISUAAAT would not be possible.
Special thanks are due to the membersof the Symposiumworking
group, V. Glotov, L. Zhemuranova, S. Pen’kov, N. Saren, S. Smirnov,
D.Kovalev,M.Nyukhtikov,T. Semenova,L.Buldymenko,andA. Ku-
tina.
This volume is the outcome of hard work of several persons, and
we highly appreciate their valuable contribution. In particular, we ac-
knowledge the assistance given at various stages by Ms. Olga Frolova.
We thank the sta(cid:11) of TORUS PRESS Publishers for their excellent
service in producing this volume. We do hope that this volume will
serve as a useful addition to the literature on unsteady phenomena in
turbomachines.
V.A. Skibin
V.E. Saren
N.M. Savin
S.M. Frolov
viii
Contents
Section 1: Aeroelastic Analysis of Bladerows 1
An Overview of ComputationalTurbomachinery
Aeroelasticity
M. Imregun and M. Vahdati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Apllicationof a New MathematicalTool\One-Dimensional
Spectral Portraits of Matrices" to the Problem of Aeroelastic
Vibrations of Turbine-Blade Cascades
S.K. Godunov, V.B. Kurzin, V.G. Bunkov,
and M. Sadkane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
NumericalSimulationof Aeroelastic Behavior of Isolated Fan
Bladerow
Yu.N. Shmotin, R.Yu. Starkov, P.V. Chupin,
V.I. Gnesin, and L.V. Kolodyazhnaya . . . . . . . . . . 24
Mistuning Pattern E(cid:11)ects on Probabilistic Flutter
and Forced Response
R. Kielb, K. Hall, T. Miyakozawa, and E. Hong . . . . 37
Aeroelastic Vibrations of AxialTurbomachine Bladerow
V.E. Saren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Frequency Model of Vibration for TurbomachineDiagnostics
A. Mironovs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Section 2: Aerodynamic Damping
of Bladerow Vibrations 73
Experimental and NumericalStudy of Unsteady
Aerodynamics in an Oscillating Low-Pressure Turbine
Cascade of Annular Sector Shape
D.M. Vogt, H.E. M(cid:23)artensson, and T.H. Fransson . . . 75
A Three-DimensionalTime-Linearized Method
for Turbomachinery Blade Flutter Analysis
F. Poli, E. Gambini, A. Arnone, and C. Schipani . . . . 87
ix
Turbomachines: Aeroelasticity,Aeroacoustics,andUnsteadyAerodynamics
Viscous Flutter Analysis of a Three-DimensionalCompressor
Blade
P. Petrie-Repar, A. McGhee, and P. Jacobs . . . . . . . 98
Three-DimensionalViscous Flutter of Rotor Bladerow
V. Gnesin, R.R~za(cid:24)dkowski, and L. Kolodyazhnaya . . . . 103
SomeCalculations of Unsteady Aerodynamic Characteristics
of Cascades with Oscillating Blades
V.B. Kurzin and A.S. Tolstukha . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
ExperimentalStudy and Numerical Simulationof Flutter
Generation in Compressor Blade Cascade
V.A. Tsymbalyuk, A.P. Zinkovskii, P. Eret,
and J. Linhart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Section 3: E(cid:11)ects of Rotor{Stator Interaction 141
Unsteady Aerodynamic Force on Oscillating Blades
Under Interaction of Three Bladerows
M. Namba, R. Nishino, and H. Nakagawa . . . . . . . . 143
Analysis of Stator Re(cid:13)ection E(cid:11)ect on Rotor Flutter
Characteristics
H.-D. Li and L. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
CalculationofTurbomachineBladeForcedOscillationsCaused
by Vanes on the Basis of Analysis of Nonstationary
Aerodynamic Interaction of Cascades in a Stage
B.F. Shorr, A.A. Osipov, G.V. Mel’nikova,
and V.G. Aleksandrov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
In(cid:13)uence of Rotor Loadingon the Vortex{Blade Interaction
in a High-Pressure Turbine
P. Gaetani and G. Persico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
GasdynamicE(cid:11)ects of TangentialBowing of Stator Vanes
in a Subsonic Stage of Axial Compressor
V.E. Saren and N.M. Savin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Rotor{Stator Interactions in a One and a Half Transonic
Turbine Stage
G. Paniagua, G. Persico, and N. Billiard . . . . . . . . 215
x
Contents
Constructive Methods of Decreasing DynamicStresses
in Rotor Blades of Turbomachines
V.V. Nitusov and V.G. Gribin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Section 4: Flow Path Aeroacoustics 235
Aerodynamic and Acoustic Response of an Annular Cascade
to Turbulence
H.M. Atassi and I.V. Vinogradov . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Improved Hybrid Method of Predicting Fan Tone Noise
M. Namba, R. Nishino, and S. Ohgi . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Numerical Method for CalculatingThree-DimensionalFan
TonalNoise Due to Rotor{Stator Interaction
M. Nyukhtikov and A. Rossikhin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
MathematicalSimulationof Shock-Wave Structures Arising
Ahead of Fan Plane Cascades and Wheels
N.L. Efremov, A.N. Kraiko, K.S. P’yankov,
N.I. Tillyayeva, and Ye.A. Yakovlev . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Two-DimensionalNumericalSimulationof Rotor{Stator
Interaction and Acoustic Wave Generation
V. Aleksandrov and A. Osipov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Section 5: Unsteady Flows in Turbomachines 305
Evaluationof Unsteady E(cid:11)ects in a Multistage Axial
Compressor Using a Preconditioned GMRES Solver
M. Stridh and L.-E. Eriksson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Numerical Contribution to Analysis of Surge Inception
and Developmentin AxialCompressors
N. Tauveron, P. Ferrand, F. Leboeuf, N. Gourdain,
and S. Burguburu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Unsteady Flow Computationin Hydroturbines Using Euler
Equations
S.G. Cherny, D.V. Chirkov, V.N. Lapin, S.V. Sharov,
V.A. Skorospelov, and I.M. Pylev . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
xi
Turbomachines: Aeroelasticity,Aeroacoustics,andUnsteadyAerodynamics
Investigation of Unsteady Flow in the Tip Clearance
of Axial-CompressorStage Rotor
N.N. Kovsher and K.S. Fedechkin . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
E(cid:11)ect of Flow Unsteadiness on the Performance of Airfoil
Cascades: Theoretical Evaluation
V.B. Kurzin and V.A. Yudin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Section 6: Unsteady Flow Phenomena
in Turbomachines 391
Forty Years of Exploring Unsteady Flow Phenomena
in Centrifugal Compressors
R.A. Izmailov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Stabilityofa Low-Speed CentrifugalCompressor with Casing
Treatments
A.S. Hassan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Propagating Shock Waves in a Narrow Tube from
the Viewpoint of Ultra Micro Wave Rotor Design
K. Okamoto, T. Nagashima, and K. Yamaguchi . . . . . 421
Self-Exited Oscillations in Swirling-Jet E(cid:15)uxes
D.G. Akhmetov, V.V. Nikulin, and V.M. Petrov . . . . 434
Laser Doppler Diagnostic of Flow in Draft Tube
Behind Hydroturbine Runner
V. Meledin, Yu. Anikin, G. Bakakin, V. Glavniy,
S. Dvoinishnikov, D. Kulikov, I. Naumov, V. Okulov,
V. Pavlov, V. Rakhmanov, O. Sadbakov, S. Ilyin,
N. Mostovskiy, and I. Pylev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Author Index 458
xii F. Poli et al.