Table Of Content

Transporting Operations of Food Materials Within Food Factories This page intentionally left blank Transporting Operations of Food Materials Within Food Factories Unit Operations and Processing Equipment in the Food Industry Edited by Seid Mahdi Jafari Department ofFood Materials& Process Design Engineering,Gorgan University ofAgricultural Sciences and NaturalResources, Gorgan,Iran Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical andFoodChemistry Department, Faculty ofFood Science andTechnology, University ofVigo, Ourense Campus,Ourense, Spain Narjes Malekjani DepartmentofFoodScienceandTechnology,FacultyofAgriculturalSciences, University ofGuilan, Rasht,Iran An imprint of Elsevier WoodheadPublishingisanimprintofElsevier 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OX51GB,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseek permission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangements withorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,can befoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedical treatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluating andusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuch informationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers, includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproducts liability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products, instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-12-818585-8(print) ISBN:978-0-12-819705-9(online) ForinformationonallWoodheadpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:NikkiP.Levy AcquisitionsEditor:NinaBandeira EditorialProjectManager:AndreaR.Dulberger ProductionProjectManager:SuryaNarayananJayachandran CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert TypesetbySTRAIVE,India Dedication To my dear wife Elham. Without her love and support, the completion of this work wouldnothave been possible. Seid Mahdi Jafari To my dear sister Mona. Without her love and support, the completion of this work wouldnothave been possible. Narjes Malekjani This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors xi Preface xv 1 Introduction tofood material handling within food factories 1 NarjesMalekjaniandSeidMahdiJafari 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Whymaterialhandlingisimportant? 3 1.3 Handlingrelatedfoodproperties 3 1.4 Howtoselectapropermaterialhandlingsystem? 5 1.5 Materialhandlingprinciples 6 1.6 Classificationofmaterialhandlingequipment 6 1.7 Receivingandstoragefacilities 7 1.8 Liquidfoodtransportation 9 1.9 Solidmaterialtransportation 9 1.10 Industrialtransportationvehicles 9 1.11 Roboticsformaterialhandling 10 1.12 Conclusions 10 References 10 Part One Receiving and storage facilities 2 Storagevats, vessels,and tanks 15 VahidBaeghbali,SaraHedayati,andSeidMahdiJafari 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Industrialvats,vessels,andtanks:Typesandapplications 18 2.3 Engineeringaspectsoftanksandvessels 25 2.4 Noveltechnologiesinstoragetanksandvessels 27 2.5 Conclusions 29 References 29 3 Pallets and bags 31 EleonoraIaccheri,ChiaraCevoli,PatrickDavison,andAngeloFabbri 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Packaging 32 3.3 Pallet 33 3.4 Bigbags 54 References 58 vii viii Contents 4 Silos and bins 61 VenkatSaicharanKolli,SouravGarg,andShivanandS.Shirkole 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Storageprinciples 64 4.3 Differentstoragestructures 66 4.4 Concludingremarks 91 References 91 Part Two Liquid food transportation 5 Transportation and metering offluids 97 AliEsin 5.1 Generalelementsandequipmentofthesystem 97 5.2 Pipesandchannels 98 5.3 Controlofflowrate 107 5.4 Flow-inducingmachinery,pumps,blowers,andcompressors 124 References 154 Suggestedbooks 154 6 Centrifugal pumps 155 ZahraMohammadi,FatemehHeidari,MahdisFasamanesh, AnaSaghafian,FaezehAmini,andSeidMahdiJafari 6.1 Introduction 155 6.2 Classificationandapplicationofcentrifugalpumps 159 6.3 Centrifugalpumpstandards 166 6.4 Mainpartsofcentrifugalpumps 170 6.5 Centrifugalpumpaccessories 179 6.6 Centrifugalpumpsselections 188 References 198 7 Positivedisplacement pumps 201 RahulIslamBarbhuiya,PoonamSingha,andSushilKumarSingh 7.1 Positivedisplacementpumps 201 7.2 Typesofpositivedisplacementpumps 201 7.3 Positivedisplacementpumpcharacteristiccurve 213 7.4 Benefitsandlimitationsofpositivedisplacementpumps 214 7.5 Applicationsofpositivedisplacementpumpsinthefoodand beverageindustry 214 7.6 Considerationsformaintenanceandoperations 215 7.7 Summary 217 References 217 Contents ix Part Three Solid and semi-solid transportation 8 Fundamentals of conveyors 221 NavneetKumar 8.1 Introduction 221 8.2 Scopeandimportanceofsolidandsemi-solidmaterialhandling systems 221 8.3 Classificationofmaterials 223 8.4 Engineeringpropertiesoffoodmaterialsrelatedtoconveying systems 224 8.5 Principlesofmaterialhandlingforselectionofconveyors 227 8.6 Classificationofsolidandsemi-solidmaterialhandlingsystems andconveyors 231 8.7 Typeofconveyors 232 8.8 Pneumaticconveyors 248 References 250 9 Different mechanicalconveyors infood processing 253 SumiraRashid,OmarBashir,andIshratMajid 9.1 Introduction 253 9.2 Basicdesignrules 255 9.3 Materialsofconstruction 255 9.4 Designformanufacturingandassembly(DFMA) ofconveyors 256 9.5 Foodconveyingsystemsandtheirhygiene 260 9.6 Conclusions 262 References 262 10 Pneumatic conveyors 265 AdelBakhshipourandHosseinRahmanian-Koushkaki 10.1 Introduction 265 10.2 Advantagesofpneumaticconveying 266 10.3 Disadvantagesofpneumaticconveying 268 10.4 Applicationsofpneumaticconveyinginthefood industry 269 10.5 Systemcomponents 271 10.6 Systemtypes 281 10.7 Pressuredropinapneumaticconveyingsystem 288 10.8 Conclusions 288 References 289