Transnational Memory: Circulation, Articulation, Scales PDF
Preview Transnational Memory: Circulation, Articulation, Scales
TransnationalMemory Media and Cultural Memory/ Medien und kulturelle Erinnerung | Edited by Astrid Erll ⋅ Ansgar Nünning EditorialBoard AleidaAssmann ⋅ MiekeBal ⋅ VitaFortunati ⋅ RichardGrusin ⋅ UdoHebel AndrewHoskins ⋅ WulfKansteiner ⋅ AlisonLandsberg ⋅ ClausLeggewie JeffreyOlick ⋅ SusannahRadstone ⋅ AnnRigney ⋅ MichaelRothberg WernerSollors ⋅ FrederikTygstrup ⋅ HaraldWelzer Volume 19 Transnational Memory | Circulation, Articulation, Scales Edited by Chiara De Cesari and Ann Rigney ISBN978-3-11-035902-2 e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-035910-7 e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-038673-8 ISSN1613-8961 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ACIPcatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenappliedforattheLibraryofCongress. BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de. ©2014WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston Coverimage:AdrianPaci,TheColumn,2013productionshot.Courtesyoftheartistand KaufmannRepetto,Milan. Typesetting:le-texpublishingservicesGmbH,Leipzig Printingandbinding:CPIbooksGmbH,Leck ♾Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements Thiscollectionwasmadepossiblebytheinputandsupportofmanyindividuals andinstitutions.Inthefirstplace,wearehappytoacknowledgethesupportofthe NetherlandsOrganisationforScientificResearch(NWO)throughtheirfundingof theNetworkinTransnationalMemoryStudies(NITMES).Theideaofputtingto- getheracollectiononthistopicoriginatedintheTransnationalMemoryinitiative ofUtrechtUniversity’sResearchAreaCulturesandIdentities,forwhosegenerous financialandlogisticalsupportwearegrateful.WewouldalsoliketothankAm- sterdamUniversity’sInstituteofCultureandHistory,whichprovidedsupportin theinitialeditingstage.AnnRigneyisalsogratefulforthehospitalityoftheUni- versityofTorontointheSpringof2014,whichcertainlycontributedbothtothe pleasureandthepaceofthefinalediting. AnearlierversionofChiaraDeCesari’schapterappearedintheJournalofSo- cialArchaeology10.3(2010),andanearlierversionofAnnRigney’schapterinNew LiteraryHistory43.4(2012).Wewouldliketothanktheeditorsofthesejournals forpermissiontore-usethesematerials. ToAstridErllandAnsgarNünningweowethehonourofpublishingthisvol- umeintheirMediaandCulturalMemoryseries,butalsomanywiseeditorialsug- gestionsalongtheway.StellaDiedrich,ManuelaGerlof,andAngelikaHermann atDeGruyterweremodelsofpatience;wethanktheminparticularfortheirend- lessreadinesstoanswerourquestionsandtheirwillingnesstocopewithshifting deadlines.WearealsogratefultoLoriAllenforhergenerousadviceandsugges- tions.AspecialwordofthanksisowedtoTessaSuperwhohelpedusintheinitial stagesofthiseditorialprocessand,especially,toSophievandenElzen,whose quietandefficienteditorialsupportintheprolongedfinalphaseswasinvaluable. Finally,wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetoAdrianPaciandtheKaufmann Repettogallery,Milanfortheirgenerouscooperationandthepermissiontouse twostillsfromPaci’svideosforourcoverphotoandourenvoi. ChiaraDeCesariandAnnRigney Contents Acknowledgements|v ChiaraDeCesariandAnnRigney Introduction|1 PartI Circulation AstridErll From‘DistrictSix’toDistrict9andBack:ThePlurimedialProductionof TravellingSchemata|29 RosanneKennedy MovingTestimony:HumanRights,PalestinianMemory,andtheTransnational PublicSphere|51 Marie-AudeBaronian Archive,Memory,andLoss:ConstructingImagesintheArmenian Diaspora|79 SusanneKüchler RelationalMapsintheCookIslandsTransnationalCommunities|99 PartII Articulation MichaelRothberg MultidirectionalMemoryinMigratorySettings:TheCaseofPost-Holocaust Germany|123 PaullaA.Ebron SlaveryandTransnationalMemory:TheMakingofNewPublics|147 ElizabethEdwards BetweentheLocal,National,andTransnational:PhotographicRecordingand MemorializingDesire|169 SlawomirKapralski Memory,Identity,andRomaTransnationalNationalism|195 viii | Contents ChristinaSchwenkel ImagingHumanity:SocialistFilmandTransnationalMemoriesoftheWarin Vietnam|219 PartIII Scales ChiaraDeCesari WorldHeritageandtheNation-State:AViewfromPalestine|247 StephanFeuchtwang HauntingMemory:TheExtensionofKinshipBeyondtheNation|271 SusanLegêneandMartijnEickhoff PostwarEuropeandtheColonialPastinPhotographs|287 GalKirn TransnationalisminReverse:FromYugoslavtoPost-YugoslavMemorial Sites|313 AnnRigney Ongoing:ChangingMemoryandtheEuropeanProject|339 AdrianPaci Envoi:Centrodipermanenzatemporanea|361 NotesonContributors|363 ListofIllustrations|367 IndexofNames|370 ChiaraDeCesariandAnnRigney Introduction Beyond methodological nationalism By now there is a vast literature demonstrating how collective memory is cru- cialforidentityformationandhow,particularlyinthemodernperiod,theself- reflexivecultivationofthepasthasplayedintotheformationofimaginedcommu- nities(Anderson1991;Assmann1995).Alargeproportionofthisscholarshiphas beengoverned,however,likesomuchsocialscienceandhumanitiesresearch,by amethodologicalnationalismthatpositsthenationas“thenaturalsocialandpo- liticalformofthemodernworld”(WimmerandGlickSchiller2002;seealsoBeck 2000).Inthecaseofmemorystudies,thishasmeantassumingthatthenation- stateisthenaturalcontainer,curator,andtelosofcollectivememory.Thisbook offersanalternativeapproach. Theprimacyofthenationalframeisnotinitselfsurprising,ofcourse,given theco-emergenceofnationalismandhistoricisminthenineteenthcentury,and thesubsequentimportanceofheritage,canonicity,narrativesofliberation,and commemorative rituals to the very working and legitimization of the modern nation-state(Gillis1994),whichinturnprovidedtheblueprintforemergingre- searchtaxonomies.Memoryinstitutionsandthecultivationofthepasthavebeen cornerstones of ethnic nationalism in line with the principle that nations are “grandsolidarities”basedbothonacommitmenttoasharedfutureandidentifi- cationwithasharedpast(Renan1882).Theintensificationofinterestinmemory andtheemergenceofmemorystudiesinthelastdecadeshavemostoftenbeen explainedbyacrisisofremembranceoccasionedbythehorrorsofWWII,decol- onization,andthegrowthofidentitypolitics(seeOlicketal.2012).Itshouldalso betied,however,toanincreasingawarenessofnationalismasaspecificallyhis- toricalformationbasedonaquestionablecongruencebetweencultural,political, and territorial borders that was articulated through the cultivation of the past. Theimaginedcommunityconstitutiveofmodern‘nationalized’France,forexam- ple,asPierreNora’sinfluentialLieuxdemémoire(1984–1992)argued,wasshaped aroundthesharedknowledgeofalimitednumberofhighlyinvestedandhighly mediated memory sites that served as common points of reference across the nationalterritory.Aquarterofacenturyafteritsfirstpublication,Nora’sproject andthecomparableworkitinspiredinothercountriesnowappearsinadouble 2 | ChiaraDeCesariandAnnRigney light:ontheonehand,astheproductionofanewcanonasawayofbulwarking (ethnocentricandracialized)nationaltraditionsinfaceofpostcolonialdiversity (seeRothberg2010;Stoler2011);ontheotherhand,asasymptomofanemerging ‘post-national’awarenessofthecontingencyofnationalism.Inretrospect,itcan be seen that Hobsbawm and Ranger’s Invention of Tradition (1983) and Ander- son’sImaginedCommunities(1983),appearingjustayearearlier,weredancingto thesameintellectualtune. Thirtyyearson,thetimeisripetomovememorystudiesitselfbeyondmethod- ological nationalism. Globalized communication and time-space compression, post-coloniality,transnationalcapitalism,large-scalemigration,andregionalin- tegration: allof these meanthat nationalframesarenolonger the self-evident onestheyusedtobeindailylifeandidentityformation.Asaresult,thenational hasalsoceasedtobetheinevitableorpreeminentscaleforthestudyofcollec- tive remembrance. By now, in the second decade of the twenty-first century, it hasbecomeamatterofurgencyforscholarsinthefieldofmemorystudiestode- velopnewtheoreticalframeworks,inventnewmethodologicaltools,andidentify newsitesandarchivalresourcesforstudyingcollectiveremembrancebeyondthe nation-state.Buildingonemergingdiscussions,thepresentvolumeaimstocon- tributetothislong-termgoal. Withoutclaimingtobeexhaustive,wenevertheless hopetohaveidentified some of the key issues at stake in the further development of memory studies and provided a pathway to their further exploration. What new frames of col- lectiveremembrancehavebeenemergingasalternativestothenation?Andhow donewmediatechnologiesaffectpracticesofremembrancebothinlocalandin transnationalarenas?Whatarethemechanismsofinclusionandexclusionthat govern even seemingly all-inclusivetransnationalmemory cultures in the digi- talage? Looking back,doesthe historicalformationof nationalmemoriespro- videablueprintforunderstandingthelarger-scaleprocessesofintegrationcur- rentlytakingplaceacrosstheworld,includingEurope?Dothememorycultures amongmigrantcommunitiesreplicatethoseofnationalism,orworkinadifferent way?Howdomemorynarrativesinteracttransnationally,specificallyalongthe faultlinescreatedbycolonialism?Doestheweakeningofnationalizedmemory markthebeginningsoftheendofhistoricalidentity(and‘roots’)astheprincipal markerofcitizenshipandbelonging?
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