Wil M.P. van der Aalst · Gianfranco Balbo e n Maciej Koutny · Karsten Wolf i l b u Guest Editors S l a n Transactions on r u o J Petri Nets 0 8 and Other Models 4 7 S C of Concurrency VII N L Kurt Jensen Editor-in-Chief 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7480 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA MosheY.Vardi RiceUniversity,Houston,TX,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Kurt Jensen Wil M.P. van der Aalst Gianfranco Balbo Maciej Koutny Karsten Wolf (Eds.) Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency VII 1 3 Editor-in-Chief KurtJensen UniversityofAarhus FacultyofScience,DepartmentofComputerScience IT-parken,Aabogade34,8200AarhusN,Denmark E-mail:[email protected] GuestEditors WilM.P.vanderAalst EindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands E-mail:[email protected] GianfrancoBalbo UniversitàdegliStudidiTorino,Italy E-mail:[email protected] MaciejKoutny NewcastleUniversity,UK E-mail:[email protected] KarstenWolf UniversitätRostock,Germany E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743(LNCS) e-ISSN1611-3349(LNCS) ISSN1867-7193(ToPNoC) e-ISSN1867-7746(ToPNoC) ISBN978-3-642-38142-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-38143-0 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-38143-0 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013937320 CRSubjectClassification(1998):D.2,F.1,F.3,D.3,J.1,I.2.2 ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, inistcurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface by Editor-in-Chief The seventh issue of LNCS Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency (ToPNoC) contains material from the 5th International Summer School “Advanced Course on Petri Nets”, held in September 2010 in Rostock, Germany.ItwaseditedbyWilvanderAalst,GianfrancoBalbo,MaciejKoutny, and Karsten Wolf. I would like to thank the four guest editors of this special issue: Wil van der Aalst, Gianfranco Balbo, Maciej Koutny, and Karsten Wolf. Moreover, I would like to thank all lecturers,reviewers,and the organizersof the advanced course, without whom this issue of ToPNoC would not have been possible. February 2013 Kurt Jensen Editor-in-Chief LNCS Transactionson PetriNets and Other Models of Concurrency(ToPNoC) LNCS Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency: Aims and Scope ToPNoC aims to publish papers from all areas of Petri nets and other models of concurrency ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. The foundation of Petri nets was laid by the pioneering work of CarlAdam Petriand his colleaguesin the early 1960s.Since then, an enormous amountofmaterialhasbeendevelopedandpublishedinjournalsandbooksand presented at workshops and conferences. The annual International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri NetsandConcurrencystartedin1980.TheInternationalPetriNetBibliography maintainedbythePetriNetNewslettercontainscloseto10,000differententries, and the International Petri Net Mailing List has 1,500 subscribers. For more information on the International Petri Net community, see: http://www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/TGI/PetriNets/ All issues of ToPNoC are LNCS volumes. Hence they appear in all large librariesandarealsoaccessibleinLNCSOnline(electronically).Itispossibleto subscribe to ToPNoC without subscribing to the rest of LNCS. ToPNoC contains: – revisedversionsofaselectionofthebestpapersfromworkshopsandtutorials concerned with Petri nets and concurrency; – special issues related to particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series); – other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC; and – papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors. Likeallotherjournals,ToPNoChasanEditorialBoard,whichis responsible for the quality of the journal. The members of the board assistin the reviewing of papers submitted or invited for publication in ToPNoC. Moreover,they may make recommendations concerning collections of papers for special issues. The EditorialBoardconsistsofprominentresearcherswithinthePetrinetcommunity and in related fields. Topics System design and verification using nets; analysis and synthesis, structure and behaviorofnets;relationshipsbetweennettheoryandotherapproaches;causal- ity/partial order theory of concurrency; net-based semantical, logical and alge- braic calculi; symbolic net representation(graphicalor textual); computer tools for nets; experience with using nets, case studies; educational issues related to nets; higher level net models; timed and stochastic nets; and standardization of nets. VIII ToPNoC: Aims and Scope Applications ofnets to:biologicalsystems,defence systems,e-commerceand trading, embedded systems, environmentalsystems, flexible manufacturing sys- tems,hardwarestructures,healthandmedicalsystems,officeautomation,oper- ations research,performance evaluation,programminglanguages,protocols and networks, railway networks, real-time systems, supervisory control, telecommu- nications, and workflow. For more information about ToPNoC, please see: www.springer.com/lncs/ topnoc Submission of Manuscripts ManuscriptsshouldfollowLNCSformattingguidelines,andshouldbesubmitted as PDF or zipped PostScript files to [email protected]. All queries should be addressed to the same e-mail address. LNCS Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency: Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Kurt Jensen, Denmark (http://person.au.dk/en/[email protected]) Associate Editors Grzegorz Rozenberg, The Netherlands Jonathan Billington, Australia Susanna Donatelli, Italy Wil van der Aalst, The Netherlands Editorial Board Didier Buchs, Switzerland Lars M. Kristensen, Norway Gianfranco Ciardo, USA Charles Lakos, Australia Jos´e-ManuelColom, Spain Johan Lilius, Finland Jo¨rg Desel, Germany Chuang Lin, China Michel Diaz, France Satoru Miyano, Japan Hartmut Ehrig, Germany Madhavan Mukund, India Jorge C.A. de Figueiredo, Brazil Wojciech Penczek, Poland Luis Gomes, Portugal Laure Petrucci, France Roberto Gorrieri, Italy Lucia Pomello, Italy Serge Haddad, France Wolfgang Reisig, Germany Xudong He, USA Manuel Silva, Spain Kees van Hee, The Netherlands P.S. Thiagarajan,Singapore Kunihiko Hiraishi, Japan Glynn Winskel, UK Gabriel Juhas, Slovak Republic Karsten Wolf, Germany Jetty Kleijn, The Netherlands Alex Yakovlev, UK Maciej Koutny, UK Preface This volume contains material from the 5th International Summer School “Advanced Course on Petri Nets,” held in September 2010 in Rostock, Ger- many. It followed the tradition of previous advanced courses, held in Hamburg (1978),BadHonnef(1986),SchlossDagstuhl(1996),andEichstatt(2003).With alongandrichhistoryasastrongholdoftheHanseaticLeague,almost600years ofacademictradition,andasatouristichotspotonthe shoresofthe BalticSea, Rostock was a worthy host of the 5th gathering. Duetotheirlowfrequency,advancedcoursesonPetrinetstypicallyserveasa forum for important milestones in the area. In 2010, the program was compiled by the course director, Karsten Wolf, and the Scientific Board of the course, consisting of Wil van der Aalst (Eindhoven), Gianfranco Balbo (Turin), and MaciejKoutny(Newcastle).Inthefirstweekofthecourse,introductorylectures surveyedtopicsattheverycoreofPetrinetresearch.Inthesecondweek,lectures covered areas that have received particular attention during recent years. This volumecontainscontributionsfrombothweeks.Lecturerswereinvitedbasedon their impact on the particular topic. Ninelecturersacceptedourinvitationtotransformtheircoursematerialinto a contribution to this volume. Naturally, the papers are more like surveys than regular research papers. Each paper was peer reviewed by a scientific board member and by a fellow author. Deviating from the original structure of the course, this volume is grouped into three sections. The first section is concerned with the creation of Petri net models and their validation.Van derAalstetal.investigatethe processofbuilding complex Petri net models. The other two papers share rich experience in using Petri net modelsinparticulardomains.KristensenandSimonsendiscussPetrinetmodels for protocol designs while van Hee et al. consider Petri net models for business processes. Papers in the second section address semantic issues and analysis methods. Best and Wimmel survey the Petri net structure theory, a research area with a long history. Koutny and Kleijn discuss issues arising in causality-based se- mantics for certain extensions to Petri nets. Valmari studies systems of state machines with variables, linking Petri nets to other formalisms. The third section of this volume is devoted to the automatic synthesis of Petri nets. Reisig surveys the basic concepts of Petri net synthesis from a given transitionsystem.Lorenzconsidersthegenerationofmodelsfromscenarios.Van derAalstandvanDongenintroducetherapidlyevolvingareaofprocessmining. Only a few weeksbefore the advancedcourse,CarlAdam Petripassedaway. This was intensely felt by lecturers and participants. In order to mark the XII Preface occasion, we invited G. Rozenberg, P.S. Thiagarajan,and W. Reisig to prepare a text in memoriam Carl Adam Petri. Wewouldliketothanktheparticipantsofthe5thAdvancedCourseonPetri Nets for the excellent atmosphere in the lectures and during the social events, andalllecturersforhavingdeliveredhigh-qualitypresentations.We aregrateful totheauthorsandreviewersofthisvolumeformeetinghighscientificstandards. The scientificboarddidasplendidjobincompilinganinterestingprogram,and the local team succeeded in running things smoothly. The 5th Advanced Course on Petri Nets was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)undergrantWO1466/14-1andbyRostockUni- versity. Compilation of this volume was supported by the EasyChair system. January 2013 Karsten Wolf