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Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning Samuel Morgan Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning Edited by Samuel Morgan Published by The English Press, 5 Penn Plaza, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning Edited by Samuel Morgan © 2018 The English Press International Standard Book Number: 978-1-9789-1920-4 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Copyright for all individual chapters remain with the respective authors as indicated. All chapters are published with permission under the Creative Commons Attribution License or equivalent. A wide variety of references are listed. Permission and sources are indicated; for detailed attributions, please refer to the permissions page and list of contributors. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors, editors and publisher cannot assume any responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. Copyright of this ebook is with The English Press, rights acquired from the original print publisher, Willford Press. The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover boards used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. Trademark Notice: Registered trademark of products or corporate names are used only for explanation and identification without intent to infringe. Contents Preface VII Chapter 1 Road traffic congestion measurement considering impacts on travelers 1 Liang Ye, Ying Hui, Dongyuan Yang Chapter 2 Study on the fatigue and wear characteristics of four wheel materials 13 G. Y. Zhou, J. H. Liu, W. J. Wang, G. Wen, Q. Y. Liu Chapter 3 Application of artificial neural networks for operating speed prediction at horizontal curves: a case study in Egypt 25 Ahmed Mohamed Semeida Chapter 4 The time and space characteristics of magnetomotive force in the cascaded linear induction motor 35 Dajing Zhou, Jiaqing Ma, Lifeng Zhao, Xiao Wan, Yong Zhang, Yong Zhao Chapter 5 Optimal control system of the intermittent bus-only approach 41 Jie Jiang, Yu-lin Chang Chapter 6 Parametric analysis of wheel wear in high-speed vehicles 48 Na Wu, Jing Zeng Chapter 7 Detecting land subsidence near metro lines in the Baoshan district of Shanghai with multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar 56 Tao Li, Guoxiang Liu, Hui Lin, Rui Zhang, Hongguo Jia, Bing Yu Chapter 8 Leave the expressway or not? Impact of dynamic information 67 Hongcheng Gan, Xin Ye Chapter 9 Railroad capacity tools and methodologies in the U.S. and Europe 75 Hamed Pouryousef, Pasi Lautala, Thomas White Chapter 10 Can a polycentric structure affect travel behaviour? A comparison of Melbourne, Australia and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 88 M. Alqhatani, S. Setunge, S. Mirodpour Chapter 11 Monitoring subsidence rates along road network by persistent scatterer SAR interferometry with high-resolution TerraSAR-X imagery 99 Bing Yu, Guoxiang Liu, Rui Zhang, Hongguo Jia, Tao Li, Xiaowen Wang, Keren Dai, Deying Ma ___________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________ (cid:57)I (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86) Chapter 12 The approach to calculate the aerodynamic drag of maglev train in the evacuated tube 110 Jiaqing Ma, Dajing Zhou, Lifeng Zhao, Yong Zhang, Yong Zhao Chapter 13 Design and preliminary validation of a tool for the simulation of train braking performance 119 Luca Pugi, Monica Malvezzi, Susanna Papini, Gregorio Vettori Chapter 14 Optimal relay allocation strategy based on maximum rate in two-user multi-relay system 130 Ji Liu, Xia Lei, Haibo Cao, Maozhu Jin Chapter 15 Wave–current interaction with a vertical square cylinder at different Reynolds numbers 136 Azhen Kang, Bing Zhu Chapter 16 An overview of a unified theory of dynamics of vehicle–pavement interaction under moving and stochastic load 147 Lu Sun Chapter 17 Analysis of steering performance of differential coupling wheelset 175 Xingwen Wu, Maoru Chi, Jing Zeng, Weihua Zhang, Minhao Zhu Chapter 18 A comparative study on crash-influencing factors by facility types on urban expressway 186 Yong Wu, Hideki Nakamura, Miho Asano Chapter 19 A modification of local path marginal cost on the dynamic traffic network 198 Zheng-feng Huang, Gang Ren, Li-li Lu, Yang Cheng Permissions List of Contributors ___________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________ Preface In my initial years as a student, I used to run to the library at every possible instance to grab a book and learn something new. Books were my primary source of knowledge and I would not have come such a long way without all that I learnt from them. Thus, when I was approached to edit this book; I became understandably nostalgic. It was an absolute honor to be considered worthy of guiding the current generation as well as those to come. I put all my knowledge and hard work into making this book most beneficial for its readers. The increase in transportation systems has fueled the growth of traffic engineering. Traffic safety, counter-measures for road traffic accidents, etc. are some of the important areas wherein the focus of transport planning and traffic engineering lie. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of traffic engineering and how such concepts have practical applications in the modern times. Included in this book are elucidations on important topics like traffic planning, control and management, traffic and transport safety, traffic policies, urban transit systems, traffic information engineering and control, etc. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with traffic and transportation engineering and allied branches of engineering will benefit alike from this book. I wish to thank my publisher for supporting me at every step. I would also like to thank all the authors who have contributed their researches in this book. I hope this book will be a valuable contribution to the progress of the field. Editor ___________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________ ___________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________ 1 Road traffic congestion measurement considering impacts on travelers Liang Ye • Ying Hui • Dongyuan Yang Abstract Thearticleintendstofindamethodtoquantify Keywords Traffic congestion indicator (cid:2) Attitudinal traffic congestion’s impacts on travelers to help transpor- factor variable (cid:2) Linear regression model (cid:2) Ordered logit tationplannersandpolicydecisionmakerswellunderstand model congestion situations. Three new congestion indicators, including transportation environment satisfaction (TES), travel time satisfaction (TTS), and traffic congestion fre- 1 Introduction quency and feeling (TCFF), are defined to estimate urban traffic congestion based on travelers’ feelings. Data of Traffic congestion is one of the worst problems in China, travelers’ attitude about congestion and trip information especiallyinthosemetropolises,suchasShanghai,Beijing, werecollectedfromasurveyinShanghai,China.Basedon and Shenzhen. After long-time struggling with traffic the survey data, we estimated the value of the three indi- congestion, most of researchers realize it is not easy to cators. Then, the principal components analysis was used eliminate congestion but it is possible to relieve it. A toderiveasmallnumberoflinearcombinationsofasetof number of traffic congestion studies [1–3] focused on variables to estimate the whole congestion status. A linear improving transportation system but not transportation regression model was used to find out the significant users’feelings.Presently,moreandmoreresearchers[4,5] variableswhichimpactrespondents’feelings.Twoordered realize that it is not enough to just study transportation logit models were used to select significant variables of system capacity, and transportation users’ feelings and TES and TTS. Attitudinal factor variables were also used reactionsarealsoimportanttodecidehowtorelievetraffic in these models. The results show that attitudinal factor congestion. It is an important point to know transportation variablesandclustercategoryvariablesareasimportantas users’ feelings and reactions about urban road traffic con- sociodemographic variables in the models.Using the three gestion, which can help decision makers to make more congestionindicators,thegovernmentcancollecttravelers’ efficient and useful policies and strategies. A method feeling about traffic congestion and estimate the transpor- shouldbefoundtoquantifytrafficcongestion’simpactson tation policy that might be applied to cope with traffic travelers to help transportation planners and policy deci- congestion. sionmakerswellunderstandcongestionsituationsstanding on travelers’ side. Some prior studies [6, 7] revealed that traffic conditions especially traffic congestion may impact people’s travel-related decisions and behaviors. L.Ye(&) Under this background, we study the traffic congestion TransportPlanningandResearchInstitute,MinistryofTransport impacts on travelers and their reactions to congestion. A ofChina,Room1109,building2,Jia6Shuguangxili,Chaoyang, Beijing100028,China random sampling survey was taken in Shanghai, China e-mail:[email protected] duringAugust1sttoAugust31stin2009tocollectdatafor thisresearch,includingtransportationusers’attitudesabout Y.Hui(cid:2)D.Yang road traffic congestion, baseline transportation character- SchoolofTransportationEngineering,TongjiUniversity, Shanghai201804,China istics of transportation users, their reactions to traffic ___________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________