Towards the definition of philosophy: with a transcript of the lecture-course 'On the nature of the university and academic study' PDF
Preview Towards the definition of philosophy: with a transcript of the lecture-course 'On the nature of the university and academic study'
TOWARDS THE DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY This page intentionally left blank MARTIN HEIDEGGER TOWARDS THE DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY 1. THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW 2. PHENOMENOLOGY AND TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE With a Transcript of the Lecture-Course 'On the Nature of the University and Academic Study' (Freiburg Lecture-Courses 1919) Translated by Ted Sadler THE ATHLONE PRESS LONDON AND NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ First published in 2000 by THE ATHLONE PRESS 1 Park Drive, London NW11 7SG and New Brunswick, New Jersey © The Athlone Press 2000 Originally published in Germany as Zur Bestimmung der Philosophie © Vittorio Klostermann GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, 1987 'Die Herausgabe dieses Werkes wurde aus Mitteln von INTER NATIONES, Bonn gefordert'. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0485 115085HB Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976. [Zur Bestimmung der Philosophie. English] Towards the definition of philosophy: with a transcript of the lecture course "On the nature of the university and academic study" / Martin Heidegger; translated by Ted Sadler, p. cm. "Freiburg lecture courses 1919." Contents: The idea of philosophy and the problem of worldview— Phenomenology and transcendental phoilosophy of value. ISBN 0-485-11508-5 (alk. paper) 1. Philosophy. 2. Phenomenology. 3. Values. I. Title. B3279.H48 Z77 2000 193—dc21 00-056548 Distributed in the United States, Canada and South America by Transaction Publishers 390 Campus Drive Somerset, New Jersey 08873 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed and bound in Great Britain by Cambridge University Press CONTENTS Translator's Foreword x Publisher's Note xii I THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW War Emergency Semester 1919 PRELIMINARY REMARKS Science and University Reform 3 INTRODUCTION § 1. Philosophy and Worldview 6 a) Worldview as Immanent Task of Philosophy 6 b) Worldview as Limit of the Critical Science of Value 7 c) The Paradox of the Problem of Worldview. Incompati- bility between Philosophy and Worldview 9 PART ONE THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AS PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE Chapter One The Search for a Methodological Way § 2. The Idea of Primordial Science 11 a) Idea as Definite Determination 11 b) The Circularity of the Idea of Primordial Science 12 § 3. The Way Out through the History of Philosophy 14 § 4. The Way Out through the Philosopher's Scientific Attitude of Mind 18 § 5. The Way Out through Inductive Metaphysics 20 Chapter Two Critique of Teleological-Critical Method § 6. Knowledge and Psychology 24 § 7. The Axiomatic Fundamental Problem 25 vi Contents § 8. Teleological-Critical Method of Finding Norms 28 § 9. The Methodological Function of Material Pregivenness 32 § 10. Giving of Ideals as the Core Element of Method. Mis- understanding of the Problematic Primordial Science 35 § 11. Investigation of the Claim to Primordial Science by the Teleological-Critical Method 39 a) Truth and Value 39 b) The Problem of Validity 42 c) The Relation between Material Pregiving and Ideal Giving. Being and the Ought 44 § 12. Inclusion of the Pre-Theoretical Sphere. Psychology's Sphere of Objects 49 PART TWO PHENOMENOLOGY AS PRE-THEORETICAL PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE Chapter One Analysis of the Structure of Experience § 13. The Experience of the Question: 'Is There Something?' 53 a) The Psychic Subject 53 b) The Interrogative Comportment. Various Senses of the 'There is' 55 c) The Role of the Questioner 57 § 14. The Environmental Experience 59 § 15. Comparison of Experiential Structures. Process and Event 62 Chapter Two The Problem of Presuppositions § 16. The Epistemological Question of the Reality of the External World. Standpoints of Critical Realism and Ideal- ism 65 § 17. The Primacy of the Theoretical. Thing-Experience (Objectification) as De-vivification 71 Chapter Three Primordial Science as Pre-Theoretical Science §18. The Circularity of Epistemology 80 § 19. How to Consider Environmental Experience 82 a) The Method of Descriptive Reflection (Paul Natorp) 83 Contents vii b) Reconstruction as the Characteristic Moment of the Method. Subjectification and Objectification 87 c) Critique of Natorp's Method 90 § 20. Phenomenological Disclosure of the Sphere of Lived Experience 92 a) Objections to Phenomenological Research 93 b) Characterization of the Levels of De-vivification. The Preworldly Something and the Something of Know- ability 95 c) Hermeneutical Intuition 98 II PHENOMENOLOGY AND TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE Summer Semester 1919 INTRODUCTION Guiding Principles of the Lecture-Course 103 Aim of the Lecture-Course 108 PART ONE HISTORICAL PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM Chapter One The Genesis of Philosophy of Value as the Cultural Philosophy of the Present § 1. The Concept of Culture in the Philosophy of the Late Nineteenth Century 110 a) The Historical Concept of Culture. Enlightenment and Historical Consciousness 112 b) Culture as Accomplishment and Achievement 115 § 2. The Onset of the Problem of Value. The Overcoming of Naturalism by Lotze 116 Chapter Two Windelband's Grounding of Modern Transcendental Philosophy of Value § 3. Renewal of the Kantian Philosophy. The Character of Truth as Value 119 a) The Rediscovery of the Transcendental Method by Cohen 120 b) Practical Reason as the Principle of All Principles 121 c) Philosophy of Value as Critical Philosophy of Culture 124 viii Contents § 4. Judgement and Evaluation 125 a) The Grounding of the Distinction between Judgement and Evaluation by Brentano 125 b) Judgement and Validity (Windelband) 128 c) Windelband's Treatise on Negative Judgement: Scien- tific Determination of the Forms of Judgement 131 § 5. Contribution to the Doctrine of Categories 135 § 6. The Inclusion of the Problem of History in Philosophy of Value 138 a) Natural Sciences and Human Sciences. Dilthey's Found- ing of a Descriptive Psychology 139 b) Windelband's Distinction between Sciences of Law and Sciences of Event. Nomothetic and Idiographic Thinking 140 Chapter Three The Further Development of Value-Philosophy by Rickert § 7. Historical Formation of Concepts and Scientific Knowledge. Reality as Heterogeneous Continuum 143 § 8. The Question Concerning the Possibility of the Science of History 146 PART TWO CRITICAL CONSIDERATIONS § 9. The Influence of Phenomenology on Rickert 149 §10. Guiding Principles of the Critique 152 § 11. Rickert's Conception of the Fundamental Epistemological Problem. The Subjective Way 155 a) Judgement and Value 155 b) Evidence and Validity 157 c) The Transcendence of the Ought 159 § 12. The Transcendental-Logical (Objective) Way as the Method of Grounding the Presuppositions of the Subjective Way 161 § 13. Considerations on Negation 169 APPENDIX I ON THE NATURE OF THE UNIVERSITY AND ACADEMIC STUDY Summer Semester 1919 Transcript by Oskar Becker 173 Contents ix APPENDIX II THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW War Emergency Semester 1919 Excerpt from the Transcript by Franz-Joseph Brecht 183 Editor's Afterwords to the First and Second Editions (1987, 1999) 189 Short Glossary 193
The list of books you might like
