Toward a Science of Consciousness III: The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates (Complex Adaptive Systems) PDF
Preview Toward a Science of Consciousness III: The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates (Complex Adaptive Systems)
Pagei TowardaScienceofConsciousnessIII Pageii ComplexAdaptiveSystems (selectedtitles) JohnH.Holland,ChristopherG.Langton,andStewartW.Wilson,advisors AnIntroductiontoGeneticAlgorithms, MelanieMitchell CatchingOurselvesintheAct:SituatedActivity,InteractiveEmergence,andHumanThought, HorstHendriks- Jansen ElementsofArtificialNeuralNetworks, KishanMehrotra,ChilukuriK.Mohan,andSanjayRanka AdvancesinGeneticProgramming,Volume2, editedbyPeterJ.AngelineandKennethE.Kinnear,Jr. GrowingArtificialSocieties:SocialSciencefromtheBottomUp, JoshuaM.EpsteinandRobertAxtell AnIntroductiontoNaturalComputation, DanaH.Ballard FourthEuropeanConferenceonArtificialLife, editedbyPhilHusbandsandInmanHarvey TowardaScienceofConsciousnessII:TheSecondTucsonDiscussionsandDebates, editedbyStuartR. Hameroff,AlfredW.Kaszniak,andAlwynC.Scott AnIntroductiontoFuzzySets:AnalysisandDesign, WitoldPedryczandFernandoGomide FromAnimalstoAnimats5:ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonSimulationofAdaptive Behavior, editedbyRolfPfeifer,BruceBlumberg,Jean-ArcadyMeyer,andStewartW.Wilson ArtificialLifeVI:ProceedingsoftheSixthInternationalConference, editedbyChristophAdami,RichardK. Belew,HiroakiKitano,andCharlesE.Taylor TheSimpleGeneticAlgorithm:FoundationsandTheory, MichaelD.Vose AdvancesinGeneticProgramming:Volume3, editedbyLeeSpector,WilliamB.Langdon,Una-MayO'Reilly, andPeterJ.Angeline TowardaScienceofConsciousnessIII:TheThirdTucsonDiscussionsandDebates, editedbyStuartR. Hameroff,AlfredW.Kasniak,andDavidJ.Chalmers Pageiii TowardaScienceofConsciousnessIII TheThirdTucsonDiscussionsandDebates editedbyStuartR.Hameroff,AlfredW.Kaszniak,andDavidJ.Chalmers Pageiv ©1999MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans (includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe publisher. ThisbookwassetinTimesNewRomanbyAscoTypesetters,HongKong PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Toward a science of consciousness III : the third Tucson discussions and debates / edited by Stuart R. Hameroff, Alfred W. Kaszniak, David J. Chalmers. p. m. — (Complex adaptive systems) "A Bradford book." Conference proceedings. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-58181-7 (alk. paper) 1. Consciousness—Congresses. I. Hameroff, Stuart R. II. Kaszniak, Alfred W., 1949– . III. Chalmers, David John, 1966– . IV. Title: Toward a science of consciousness three. V. Title: Third Tucson discussions and debates. BF311.T67 1999 153—dc21 99-36574 CIP Page v ATREETICKLESITSBRANCHES CarolEbbecke We are the laughing rats. Our private approaches to reflection still require a second perspective. We can clearly see through our psychoscope the hot spot of vision and awareness our perception of the vision at hand versus science itself— a cat versus a kitten, a model versus a reality. A scan will tell us, second hand, that no amount of mythmaking will maintain a memory of private subjectivity in the mind's past. Moony blue rays on the mountainscape lasso the self in the name of qualia, the synchronicity of the coyote's rapture a shaman caught in the feather of physicality. Awareness invariably entails awareness of something, the mechanics of variables, fuzzy virtual memory eludes the paradigm. Rescind the sensory, dreams are the stories we tell upon waking—experience plus explanation . . . Fire of the breathless continuum begs the answer: can I know you through one eye? and opens a non-human border to the mind, captures language before we can focus the space, or consider the time. Pagevii CONTENTS Acknowledgments xiii Contributors xv Preface xix I 1 TheExplanatoryGap Introduction DavidJ.Chalmers 1 3 Conceivability,Identity,andtheExplanatoryGap JosephLevine 2 13 ConceivingBeyondOurMeans:TheLimitsofThoughtExperiments RobertVanGulick 3 23 RealisticMaterialistMonism GalenStrawson 4 33 OntheIntrinsicNatureofthePhysical GreggH.Rosenberg II 49 Color Introduction DavidJ.Chalmers 5 51 OfColorandConsciousness StephenPalmer 6 65 ColorQualityandColorStructure C.LarryHardin 7 75 PseudonormalVisionandColorQualia MartineNida-Rumelin III 85 NeuralCorrelates Introduction AlfredW.Kaszniak 8 87 TowardaCognitiveNeuroscienceofConsciousness AnttiRevonsuo Pageviii 9 99 NeuralCorrelatesofHallucinogen-InducedAlteredStatesof Consciousness F.X.Vollenweider,A.Gamma,andM.F.I.Vollenweider- Scherpenhuyzen 10 111 FirstStepstowardaTheoryofMentalForce:PETImagingofSystematic CerebralChangesafterPsychologicalTreatmentofObsessive- CompulsiveDisorder JeffreyM.Schwartz IV 123 VisionandConsciousness Introduction DavidJ.Chalmers 11 127 TheVisualBraininAction A.DavidMilnerandMelvynA.Goodale 12 141 InSearchofImmaculatePerception:EvidencefromMotor RepresentationsofSpace YvesRossetti 13 149 Attending,Seeing,andKnowinginBlindsight RobertW.Kentridge,C.A.Heywood,andLarryWeiskrantz 14 161 InsightsintoBlindsight A.DavidMilner 15 165 FromGraspingtoLanguage:MirrorNeuronsandtheOriginofSocial Communication VittorioGallese 16 179 Supportingthe"GrandIllusion"ofDirectPerception:ImplicitLearning inEye-MovementControl FrankH.Durgin 17 189 SelectivePeripheralFading:HowAttentionLeadstoLossofVisual Consciousness LianggangLou V 197 Emotion Introduction AlfredW.Kaszniak Pageix 18 201 ConsciousExperienceandAutonomicResponsetoEmotionalStimuli FollowingFrontalLobeDamage AlfredKaszniak,SherylL.Reminger,StevenZ.Rapcsak,andElizabeth L.Glisky 19 215 AttheIntersectionofEmotionandConsciousness:Affective NeuroscienceandExtendedReticularThalamicActivatingSystem (ERTAS)TheoriesofConsciousness DouglasF.Watt 20 231 LaughingRats?PlayfulTicklingArousesHigh-FrequencyUltrasonic ChirpinginYoungRodents JaakPankseppandJeffreyBurgdorf VI 245 EvolutionandFunctionofConsciousness Introduction StuartR.Hameroff 21 247 ThePrivatizationofSensation NicholasHumphrey 22 259 FlaggingthePresentMomentwithQualia RichardL.Gregory 23 271 IfQualiaEvolved . . . A.GrahamCairns-Smith 24 281 HandaxesandIceAgeCarvings:HardEvidencefortheEvolutionof Consciousness StevenMithen 25 297 EphemeralLevelsofMentalOrganization:DarwinianCompetitionsasa BasisforConsciousness WilliamH.Calvin VII 309 PhysicalRealityandConsciousness Introduction StuartR.Hameroff 26 313 WhatDoesQuantumMechanicsImplyabouttheNatureoftheUniverse? ShimonMalin Page x 27 317 QuantumMonadology KunioYasue 28 329 TheInterfaceinaMixedQuantum/ClassicalModelofBrainFunction ScottHaganandMasayukiHirafuji VIII 341 TheTimingofConsciousExperience Introduction StuartHameroff 29 343 DoApparentTemporalAnomaliesRequireNonclassicalExplanation? StanleyA.Klein 30 359 AQuantumPhysicsModeloftheTimingofConsciousExperience FredA.Wolf 31 367 ConsciousandAnomalousNonconsciousEmotionalProcesses:A ReversaloftheArrowofTime? DickJ.BiermanandDeanRadin IX 387 Phenomenology Introduction AlfredKaszniak 32 391 ExploringActualitythroughExperimentandExperience PietHut 33 407 Intersubjectivity:ExploringConsciousnessfromtheSecond-Person Perspective ChristiandeQuincey 34 417 GoetheandthePhenomenologicalInvestigationofConsciousness ArthurZajonc 35 429 EssentialDimensionsofConsciousness:Objective,Subjective,and Intersubjective FrancesVaughan 36 441 TrainingtheAttentionandExploringConsciousnessinTibetan Buddhism B.AlanWallace Pagexi 37 449 TranspersonalandCognitivePsychologiesofConsciousness:A NecessaryandReciprocalDialogue HarryT.Hunt 38 459 BiogeneticStructuralTheoryandtheNeurophenomenologyof Consciousness CharlesD.Laughlin 39 475 ExperientialClarificationoftheProblemoftheSelf JonathanShear Index 489 Pagexiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Theeditorswouldliketoexpresstheirappreciationtoallofthehard-workingpeoplewhoputintimeandeffort everydayinordertokeeptheTucsonconferencesandrelatedactivitiesrunningsmoothly.CarolEbbecke,our editorialassistantandpoetryslammistress,hasnowguidedtwoTucsonvolumestopress.Withouther organizationalskills,communication,andaesthetictastethesebookswouldnotbepossible.TheFetzerInstitute continuestoprovidegeneroussupportforourendeavors.OurforthcomingCenterforConsciousnessStudies, whichwouldnotbeinitscurrentguisewithoutFetzer'sinput,ispartandparcelofallofourpresentandfuture Tucsonconferences.The JournalofConsciousnessStudies and TrendsinCognitiveScience havegenerously permittedustoreprintmaterialfromtheirpages.TheProgramCommittee,includingChristofKoch,Marilyn Schlitz,AlScott,PetraStoerig,KeithSutherland,MichaelWinkelman,andJimLaukes,scatteredallaroundthe world,cametogetherbye-mailandinTucsontoassemblethemulti-disciplinaryline-upfortheconference. ArtistDaveCantrellre-createdsomeofthetrickierfigures,andAlScottgaveushisblessingandturnedhis editorshipovertoDaveChalmersbeginningwiththisbook.Finally,JimLaukeskeptthestarchinoursailsand alwaysmadecertainthatwecoulddeliveronwhatwepromisedthoughhisattentiontoeveryimaginabledetail. WemustalsothankourfamiliesandcolleaguesinourhomedepartmentsofAnesthesiology,Psychology, Neurology,Psychiatry,andPhilosophy,andtheUniversityofArizonaforprovidinganacademicenvironment amenabletoourintellectualpursuits. Finally,wearegratefultoBradfordBooksandtheMITPressfortheircontinuedsupport.Inparticularwe thankBettyStantonforherstewardship,visionandcourageincontinuinginherlatehusband'srole. Pagexv CONTRIBUTORS DickBierman UniversityofAmsterdam Roetersstraat15 1018WBAmsterdam,TheNetherlands JeffreyBurgdorf Dept.ofPsychology BowlingGreenStateUniversity BowlingGreen,OH43403 A.G.Cairns-Smith DepartmentofChemistry GlasgowUniversity GlasgowG128QQ Scotland,UK WilliamH.Calvin DepartmentofPsychiatryand BehavioralSciences UniversityofWashington SeattleWA98195-1800 DavidJ.Chalmers DepartmentofPhilosophy TheUniversityofArizona Tucson,AZ85721 ChristiandeQuincey InstituteofNoeticSciencesandtheJohn F.KennedyUniversity IONS,475GateFiveRoad,Suite300 Sausalito,CA94965 FrankH.Durgin DepartmentofPsychology SwarthmoreCollege 500CollegeAvenue
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