“THE HEALTHY FUTURE OF EUROPE: HEALTHY NUTRITION FOR CHILDREN” The nutrition game changer: Precision Prof. J. Alfredo Martínez “THE HEALTHY FUTURE OF EUROPE: HEALTHY NUTRITION FOR CHILDREN” UNDERSTANDING OBESITY: PRECISION PUBLIC HEALTH & INDIVIDUALIZED NUTRITION “OBESITY : A FOCUS FOR PRECISION NUTRITION” WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Iniciative. Available at http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease- prevention/nutrition/publications/2014/who-european-childhood-obesity-surveillance-initiative.. WijnhovenTMAetal.WHOEuropeanChildhoodObesitySurveillanceInitiative:bodymassindexandlevelofoverweightamong6–9-year-oldchildrenfromschool year2007/2008toschoolyear2009/2010.BMCPublicHealth2014.14:806 DEFINITION: EXCESSIVE FAT ACCUMULATION FOR AGE AND SEX PHYSIOLOGY Clin Nutr. 2015 Jun;34(3):523-8 CAUSES OF OBESITY Personal factors Genetics Lifestyle Neuroendocrine factors + + + - - ENERGY ENERGY INTAKE EXPENDITURE EXCESSIVE BODY FAT OBESITY MECHANISMS ADIPOSITY Fatty acids Insulin Endothelial resistance dysfunction Diabetes mellitus type II Inflammation Glucose intolerance Atherosclerosis Metabolic syndrome OBESITY COMORBIDITIES OBESITY Non-communicable diseases Public health challenge Diabetes Chronic respiratory diseases Cancer CVDs GUT OBESITY MICROBIOTA Unhealthy Physical diet inactivity Socioeconomic status Environmental Genetic factors factors Neuroendocrine Perinatal Nutrition Microbiota WHO, 2015 PRECISION METABOLISM: ETHIOLOGICAL FACTORS GENES Nutrition Endocrine Factors PRECISION Physical Psychology. Activity ENVIRONMENT
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