Topics in Applied Mechanics: Integration of Theory and Applications in Applied Mechanics

380 Pages·1993·12.65 MB·English

by  Ane de Boer (auth.)

TOPICS IN APPLIED MECHANICS
Topics in
Applied Mechanics
Integration of Theory and Applications
in Applied Mechanics
edited by
J.F. DUKSMAN
Philips Research,
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
and
F.T.M. NIEUWSTADT
Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics,
Technical University of Delft,
The Netherlands
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Topics in applied mechanics integrat ion of theory & applications in
applied mechanics / edlted by J.F. Dljksman and F.T.M. Nieuwstadt.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-94-010-4926-9 ISBN 978-94-011-2090-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2090-6
1. Mechanics. Appl ied. I. Dijksman. J. F. II. Nieuwstadt. F. T.
M. (Frans T. M.l. 1946-
TA350.3.T67 1993
620.1--dc20 93-24466
ISBN 978-94-010-4926-9
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1993
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utiIized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ix
List of Participants xi
Bridge building.
Keynote paper:
A de Boer:
Construction simulation of some bridges over the river IJssel 1
Experimental mechanics.
Keynote paper:
P.J. Sevenhuijsen:
Experimental mechanics; why, how, co-operatively? 9
Keynote paper:
W.P. de Wilde:
The bridge between experimental and numerical techniques: numerical modelling
of linear elastic and viscoelastic response of composite structures 17
R.H.B. Fey and G.J. Meijer:
Tuning shock test results and mathematical models using an optimal state
estimation method 39
AC.H. Kruisbrink and AG.T.J. Heinsbroek:
Fluid-structure interaction in non-rigid' pipeline systems; large scale validation
tests (EUREKA project 274) 57
J.G.M. van Mier, E. Schlangen, J.H.M. Visser and A Vervuurt:
Experimental and numerical analysis of cracking in concrete and sandstone 65
H.G. Stuit:
The verification of numerical calculations with tests on sand in the geocentrifuge 73
G. Verbeek, A de Kraker and D.H. van Campen:
Parametric identification of an aircraft landing gear damper, by means of periodic
excitation 81
Role of local effects in the analysis of structures and dynamic systems.
Keynote paper:
R. de Borst, P.H. Feenstra, H.-B Miihlhaus, J. Pamin, J.C.J. Schellekens and
L.J. Sluys:
Damage processes in solids and structures and their numerical computation 89
vi
Keynote paper:
A.P.S. Selvadurai, A. ten Busschen and L.J. Ernst:
Computational models for fragmentation tests 97
H. Braam and B.R.W. Haverkate:
FAME-D, a finite element code based on continuum damage mechanics 111
J.P. Meijaard:
Continuous and discontinuous modelling of the contact between wheel flange
and rail 119
M.H.J.W. Paas and J. van den Eikhoff:
An anisotropic damage model for laminated composites 127
G.Th.M. Stam and E. van der Giessen:
Analysis of supercritical transformation with dilatation and shear effects during
crack growth in ceramics 137
P.H.M. Timmermans, W.A.M. Brekelmans and J.H.P. de Vree:
Phenomenological modelling of damage in polymer blends 147
Local effects and fluid flow.
Keynote paper:
G.J.F. van Heijst:
Spin-up in non-axisymmetric containers 155
Keynote paper:
W.E.A. Mahu, M.C.A.M. Peters, M.-P Verge, A.P.J. Wijnands, B. Fabre and
A. Hirschberg:
Attack transient of a flue organ pipe 163
R. Akkerman, G. Rekers and J. Huetink:
Finite element simulation of local effects in nonisothermal viscoelastic flows 173
F.P.T. Baaijens:
Numerical analysis of unsteady viscoelastic contraction flows of multi-mode
fluids 181
P. Blom, R. Booij and J.A. Battjes:
Turbulent free-surface flow over a sill 189
S.B.G. O'Brien:
Local effects in some non-linear evolution equations 197
vii
AS. Tijsseling and D. Fan:
Fluid-structure interaction and column separation in a closed pipe 205
Micromechanics and constitutive equations.
Keynote paper:
B.H.AA van den Brule:
Micro-rheological modelling of heat conduction in polymers 213
Keynote paper:
J. Mewis and P. Moldenaers:
Rheology and microstructure of liquid crystalline polymers 223
M.C.M. van der Sanden and H.E.H. Meijer:
Limiting toughness of polymers; the relation between molecular and microscopic
structure 231
P.H.J. Vosbeek:
Constitutive models for composite materials with interfaces 245
L.Zhang and L.J. Ernst:
A three dimensional model for nonlinear viscoelasticity 253
Dynamic systems.
Keynote paper:
D.H. van Campen, R.H.B. Fey and A de Kraker:
Structural dynamics of mechanical systems with local nonlinearities under
periodic excitation 261
B. de Jager:
Improving manipulator control with acceleration measurements 269
H.A Lupker:
Combined finite element and multi body techniques for vehicle occupant safety
studies 277
J.AW. van der Spek:
Application of cell mapping methods to a nonlinear dynamic system 285
E.L.B. van de Vorst, R.H.B. Fey, D.H. van Campen and A de Kraker:
Manifolds of nonlinear dynamic single DOF systems 293
viii
Integration of Applied mechaninics with other disciplines.
Medicine:
M.H.H. Meuwissen, M.R. van Ratingen, C.W.J. Oomens and J.D. Janssen:
A non-invasive method to fmd Langer's lines of the skin 305
D.E.M. Palmen, F.N. van de Vosse, J.D. Janssen and M.E.H. van Dongen:
The influence of minor stenoses on the flow in the carotid artery bifurcation 313
H. Snijders, G.B. Houben, M.R. Drost, J.M. Huyghe, J.D. Janssen and A Huson:
Osmotic prestressing of a spinal motion segment 321
Rheology:
G.W.M. Peters, A.B. Spoelstra, M.H.H. Meuwissen, R. Corbey and H.E.H. Meijer:
Rheology and rheometry for highly filled reactive materials 331
Optimisation:
AJ.G. Schoofs:
Structural optimization history and state of the art 339
Mining and petroleum engineering:
M.H.H. Hettema, K-H.A.A Wolf and c.J. de Pater:
Thermo-mechanical properties of roof rock of coal for underground gasification 347
Mathematics and numerical methods:
F. van Keulen:
A finite rotation triangular shell element 355
L.J.P. Timmermans and F.N. van de Vosse:
Finite element preconditioned spectral element methods for convection-diffusion
problems 363
Author Index 371
Subject Index 373
PREFACE
In collaboration with the Contact Group Experimental Mechanics in The Netherlands
and under the auspices of the Technological Institute of the Koninklijke Vlaamse
Ingenieurs Vereniging (Royal Flemish Society of Engineers), the Department of Ap
plied Mechanics of the Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs (Royal Institution of
Engineers in The Netherlands) organised the second National Mechanics Congress in
The Netherlands, on November 16-18, 1992.
About hundred participants from universities and industrial research laboratories in
The Netherlands and Belgium discussed topics around the theme:
Building Bridges,
Integration of Theory and Applications in Applied Mechanics.
Building bridges is of course one of the main tasks of a civil engineer, in order to
improve the infrastructure of our society. Strength, stiffness and stability have to be
guaranteed for a large number of years of service. Localised effects such as shear lag
in longitudinal stiffeners, small cracks in concrete structures and effects of corrosion
may on the long tenn lead to catastrofic failure of bridges. During the congress J.P.
Gailliez presented a talk about the hydraulic ship lifts in the Canal du Centre in south
Belgium. Built more than a hundred years ago, the elevators still are in a perfect
condition and are recognized now as an industrial archeological monument.
Our theme also means that, figurative by speaking, building bridges can be understood
as exploring and extending the relations between different disciplines, between small
scale effects and large scale behaviour of fluid flow and structures. Examples are:
experimental mechanics, how to use modern electronic equipment, optical
techniques and software tools to measure strain, stress, displacements, forces,
etc. in both fluids and solids.
the analysis of localised effects on stiffness, strength and stability of structures,
like dikes, bridges, roads, and all public works necessary to improve among
other things the navigability of canals and rivers.
the analysis of damage processes in concrete and fiber reinforced polymers and
the quest to make such processes accessible by numerical computation.
the analysis of localised effects on fluid flow, leading to more understanding
of the origin of the different colours of musical tones and human speech, but
also to more understanding of the pUlsating flow of blood through complicated
shaped arteries and drag reduction in turbulent flow through pipes or along
walls, as a result of small sized surface grooves or the addition of a very small
amount of polymer to liquids.
the investigation of non-linearities on the behaviour of dynamic systems such
as manipulators, railway vehicles, etc.
micromechanics and constitutive equations. In order to describe complex
ix
x
material behaviour understanding of momentum and heat transport on almost
the molecular level is needed. At this stage we may refer to the inaugural
speech of professor E. van der Giessen from Delft University of Technology.
He stressed the importance of micromechanics in relation to the ultimate
strength of composite materials, ranging from fiber reinforced plastics up to
very high temperature resistent ceramics toughened by thin hairlike crystals of
exceptional mechanical strength.
fluid-structure interactions, such as occur in non-rigid pipelines and artery
systems.
The congress was held in ROLDUC Abbey at Kerkrade, The Netherlands. The
Department of Applied Mechanics highly appreciated the professional help of Mrs
M.H.W. van Boxtel-Rieken and Mrs. C.M. Neervoort-Sanders during all the stages of
the organisation of the congress, up to and including the very last and late minutes.
The organisation of the second National Mechanics Congress in The Netherlands has
been made possible by donations by TNO-Building and Construction Research, Shell
Nederland, DSM-Research, Eindhoven University of Technology and the Department
of Applied Mechanics.
We hope that the present compilation of papers, being volume two of "Integration of
Theory and Applications in Applied Mechanics" will serve as a review of present-day
research in Applied Mechanics in The Netherlands and Belgium.
J.F. Dijksman, Eindhoven
F.T.M. Nieuwstadt, Delft
June 1993
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
R. Akkerman University of Tweme
E.H. Atzema University of Twente
F.P.T. Baaijens Philips Research Eindhoven,
Eindhoven University of Technology
J.P.W. Baaijens Eindhoven University of Technology
J.A Battjes Delft University of Technology
R.C.A Beem Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat, Utrecht
R.M. van den Berg Stork Product Engineering, Amsterdam
J. Blaauwendraad Delft University of Technology
R. Boeklagen Twente Engineering Consultancy, Nijmeg~l.
A de Boer NLR, Marknesse
A de Boer Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat, Utrecht
P.G. Bonnier Delft University of Technology
H. de Bonte Ubbink Nederland, Doesburg
R. de Borst Delft University of Technology
A Bout MARC-Europe, Zoetermeer
P.H.M. Bovendeerd Eindhoven University of Technology
L.H. Braak Eindhoven University of Technology
H. Braam ECN, Petten
W.AM. Brekelmans Eindhoven University of Technology
R.B.J. Brinkgrave Delft University of Technology
B.H.AA van den Brule Shell Research, Rijswijk
M. W.D. van der Burg Delft University of Technology
A ten Busschen Delft University of Technology
D.H. van Campen Eindhoven University of Technology
AH. Cardon Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
J.F. Dijksman Philips Research Eindhoven
F. van Dooren Rijkswaterstaat, Voorburg
S.J.M. van Eekelen Delft University of Technology
J.G.M. Eggels Delft University of Technology
J. van den Eikhoff TNO-Building and Construction
Research, Delft
S.M.J.G. Erkens Delft
L.J. Ernst Delft University of Technology
J.P. Gailliez Compagnie du Canal du Centre,
Le Roeulx, Belgium
J.J.P. Geerlings Royal Military Academy, Breda,
Delft University of Technology
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