Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons: Global Programme Against Trafficking in Human Beings

562 Pages·2008·2.52 MB·English

by  United Nations

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GLOBAL PROGRAMME
UnitedNationspublication AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
ISBN978-92-133789-1 P*rin0ted7inA8ustr9ia 375*
SalesNo.E.08.V.14 V.07-89375—September2008—

UNITEDNATIONSOFFICEONDRUGSANDCRIME
Vienna
Toolkit to
Combat Trafficking in Persons
Global Programme against
Trafficking in Human Beings
UNITED NATIONS
New York, 2008
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United Nations publication
Sales No. E.08.V.14
ISBN 978-92-1-133789-1
contents
Page
Introduction ....................................................... ix
1. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................... 1
Tool 1.1 Definition of trafficking ................................. 2
Tool 1.2 Distinguishing between trafficking in persons and smuggling
of migrants ........................................... 3
Tool 1.3 The issue of consent ................................... 5
Tool 1.4 Introduction to international instruments against transnational
organized crime ....................................... 7
Tool 1.5 Implementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto ...... 11
Tool 1.6 Ratification of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol ............ 14
Tool 1.7 Other relevant international instruments .................... 16
Tool 1.8 Regional instruments ................................... 22
2. PROBLEM ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT ..... 29
Tool 2.1 General guidelines for conducting assessments ............... 30
Tool 2.2 Assessment of the national situation ....................... 33
Tool 2.3 Assessment of the national response ....................... 38
Tool 2.4 Assessment of the legal framework ........................ 42
Tool 2.5 Assessment of the criminal justice system ................... 47
Tool 2.6 Guiding principles in developing responses to trafficking in persons 49
Tool 2.7 National action plans and strategies ....................... 52
Tool 2.8 National anti-trafficking rapporteurs ....................... 63
Tool 2.9 Regional action plans and strategies ....................... 65
Tool 2.10 Interregional action plans and strategies .................... 71
Tool 2.11 An international initiative ................................ 73
Tool 2.12 Developing a multi-agency approach to intervention ........... 75
Tool 2.13 Developing inter-agency coordination mechanisms ............ 80
Tool 2.14 Capacity-building and training ............................ 86
3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................. 93
Tool 3.1 The need for anti-trafficking legislation ..................... 93
Tool 3.2 Criminalization of the offence of trafficking ................. 95
Tool 3.3 Other offences related to trafficking in persons ............... 107
Tool 3.4 Liability of legal persons ................................ 111
Tool 3.5 Criminalizing the laundering of proceeds of trafficking in persons 113
Tool 3.6 Human rights and anti-trafficking legislation ................. 115
4. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE COOPERATION ......... 119
Tool 4.1 Overview of mechanisms of criminal justice cooperation under
the Organized Crime Convention ......................... 120
Tool 4.2 Extradition ........................................... 124
Tool 4.3 Extradition checklist .................................... 132
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Tool 4.4 Mutual legal assistance.................................. 135
Tool 4.5 Mutual legal assistance checklist .......................... 143
Tool 4.6 International cooperation for the purposes of confiscation ...... 145
Tool 4.7 International law enforcement cooperation .................. 151
Tool 4.8 Article 27 of the Organized Crime Convention, on law
enforcement cooperation ................................ 155
Tool 4.9 Bilateral and multilateral cooperation agreements or arrangements 156
Tool 4.10 Promising cooperative practice ............................ 164
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PROSECUTION .................... 173
Tool 5.1 Overview of challenges in investigating human trafficking ....... 175
Tool 5.2 Snapshot of investigative methodologies .................... 177
Tool 5.3 Reactive investigation ................................... 179
Tool 5.4 Proactive investigation .................................. 181
Tool 5.5 Disruptive investigation ................................. 185
Tool 5.6 Parallel financial investigation ............................ 186
Tool 5.7 Seizure of assets and confiscation of proceeds of crime ........ 188
Tool 5.8 Special investigative techniques ........................... 189
Tool 5.9 Crime scene investigations ............................... 193
Tool 5.10 Joint investigation teams ................................ 195
Tool 5.11 Border control measures ................................ 200
Tool 5.12 Intelligence gathering and exchange ........................ 206
Tool 5.13 Prosecution of traffickers ................................ 210
Tool 5.14 Seeking the collaboration of offenders ...................... 218
Tool 5.15 Guidelines on human rights and human trafficking in the context
of law enforcement..................................... 219
Tool 5.16 Protecting victims during investigations ..................... 222
Tool 5.17 Witness protection ..................................... 227
Tool 5.18 Witness protection during and after the prosecution and trial ... 233
Tool 5.19 Special considerations relating to the protection of child witnesses 240
Tool 5.20 Training tools for law enforcement offices and the judiciary .... 243
6. VICTIM IDENTIFICATION .................................... 251
Tool 6.1 Non-criminalization of trafficking victims ................... 253
Tool 6.2 Considerations before identification ........................ 255
Tool 6.3 Guidelines on victim identification ........................ 257
Tool 6.4 Indicators of trafficking ................................. 258
Tool 6.5 Initial interview ....................................... 264
Tool 6.6 Screening interview form of the International Organization for
Migration for the identification of victims of trafficking ........ 270
Tool 6.7 Checklists to facilitate victim identification .................. 276
Tool 6.8 Health-care providers’ tool for identifying victims ............. 282
Tool 6.9 Interviewing tips for health-care practitioners ................ 284
Tool 6.10 Law enforcement tool for victim identification ............... 286
Tool 6.11 Interviewing tips for law enforcers ......................... 289
Tool 6.12 Ethical and safe interviewing conduct ...................... 292
Tool 6.13 Victim certification ..................................... 295
Tool 6.14 Training material ...................................... 298
contents v
Page
7. IMMIGRATION STATUS OF VICTIMS AND THEIR RETURN AND
REINTEGRATION ............................................ 303
Tool 7.1 Reflection period ...................................... 304
Tool 7.2 Temporary or permanent residence permit .................. 313
Tool 7.3 Understanding the challenges for returnee victims of trafficking .. 320
Tool 7.4 Obligations of States ................................... 322
Tool 7.5 Human rights considerations with respect to the return and
reintegration of victims ................................. 324
Tool 7.6 Victims facing deportation ............................... 327
Tool 7.7 Mechanisms for the safe return and reintegration of victims .... 329
Tool 7.8 The return and reintegration process ....................... 334
Tool 7.9 Protecting refugee victims of trafficking ..................... 338
Tool 7.10 Return and reintegration of children ....................... 341
8. VICTIM ASSISTANCE ........................................ 349
Tool 8.1 Obligations of States ................................... 350
Tool 8.2 Obligations of States to child victims ...................... 356
Tool 8.3 Protection, assistance and human rights .................... 359
Tool 8.4 Language and translation assistance........................ 365
Tool 8.5 Medical assistance ..................................... 366
Tool 8.6 Psychological assistance ................................. 371
Tool 8.7 Material assistance ..................................... 374
Tool 8.8 Shelter programmes .................................... 375
Tool 8.9 Rehabilitation, skills training and education ................. 379
Tool 8.10 Promising examples of integrated services ................... 381
Tool 8.11 Overview of HIV/AIDS ................................. 386
Tool 8.12 Responses to the vulnerability to HIV/AIDS of victims of
trafficking in persons ................................... 389
Tool 8.13 HIV guidelines for law enforcers, prosecutors and judges ....... 392
Tool 8.14 Testing and counselling for HIV/AIDS among people vulnerable
to trafficking .......................................... 395
Tool 8.15 HIV referral model for people vulnerable to trafficking in persons 398
Tool 8.16 Access to information and legal representation ............... 399
Tool 8.17 Restitution and compensation for victims ................... 403
9. PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS ................. 417
Tool 9.1 Principles of prevention ................................. 418
Tool 9.2 Addressing the root causes of trafficking .................... 423
Tool 9.3 Eliminating gender-based discrimination and promoting women’s
economic rights ....................................... 426
Tool 9.4 Prevention of corruption ................................ 429
Tool 9.5 Citizenship and statelessness ............................. 433
Tool 9.6 Measures relating to travel and identity documents ........... 435
Tool 9.7 Prevention checklists ................................... 436
Tool 9.8 Awareness-raising measures .............................. 437
Tool 9.9 Awareness-raising campaign checklist ...................... 446
Tool 9.10 Designing a communication strategy ....................... 449
Tool 9.11 Rapid response: prevention during emergencies .............. 453
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Tool 9.12 Defining the concept of demand .......................... 456
Tool 9.13 Commercial sexual exploitation of children .................. 462
Tool 9.14 Proactive prevention strategies: targeting traffickers ............ 468
Tool 9.15 Use of standardized data collection instruments .............. 470
Tool 9.16 The role of the media in preventing trafficking ............... 477
Tool 9.17 Conduct of peacekeepers and other law enforcement personnel .. 480
Tool 9.18 Training for peacekeepers and other law enforcement personnel . 488
Tool 9.19 Trafficking in persons for organ removal .................... 494
10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ............................. 501
Tool 10.1 Overview of monitoring and evaluation ..................... 501
Tool 10.2 Monitoring and evaluation in the project cycle ............... 508
Tool 10.3 Logical framework ..................................... 509
Tool 10.4 How to plan and conduct an evaluation .................... 512
Tool 10.5 Monitoring and evaluation of projects relating to trafficking
in persons ............................................ 515
ANNEXES
1. Overview of tools ............................................... 519
2. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially
Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime .................................... 533
3. Feedback form ................................................. 543
abbreviations
AFESIP Acting for Women in Distressing Situations (Cambodia)
ASBRAD Brazilian Association for the Defence of Women, Children and Youth
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
CECRIA Reference Centre for Studies and Actions in Favour of Children and
Adolescents (Brazil)
COAT Operational Anti-Trafficking in Persons Centre (Colombia)
COMENSHA Coordination Centre Human Trafficking
COMMIT Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking
DPEA Direction de la protection de l’enfant et de l’adolescent (Burkina Faso)
EAPCCO Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organization
ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
Europol European Police Office
GAATW Global Alliance against Traffic in Women
GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation
IAP International Association of Prosecutors
ICMPD International Centre for Migration Policy Development
ILO International Labour Organization
INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization
IOM International Organization for Migration
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OAS Organization of American States
ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (Organization for
Security and Cooperation in Europe)
OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
PEACE Protecting Environment and Children Everywhere (Sri Lanka)
PICP Pacific Islands Chiefs of Police
PKPA Centre for Study and Child Protection (Indonesia)
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SARPCCO Southern African Regional Police Chiefs Cooperation Organization
Sida Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
StAR Stolen Asset Recovery initiative
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
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UN.GIFT Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking
UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNIAP United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking in the Greater
Mekong Subregion
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UNICRI United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women
UNMIK United Nations Interim Administrative Mission in Kosovo
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
USAID United States Agency for International Development
WHO World Health Organization