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249 Pages·2015·2.06 MB·English
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To Advanced Proficiency and Beyond This page intentionally left blank ◆◆◆ To AdvAnced Proficiency And Beyond Theory and Methods for Developing Superior Second Language Ability Tony Brown and Jennifer Bown, Editors GeorGetown University Press washington, D.C. Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. www.press.georgetown.edu © 2014 by Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data To advanced proficiency and beyond : theory and methods for developing superior second language ability / Tony Brown and Jennifer Bown, editors.        pages cm   Includes bibliographical references and index.   Summary: Due to the pressures of globalization, American society increasingly needs citi- zens who can carry out Superior level functions in languages other than English. Instructors, researchers, and students of second language acquisition seek scholarly resources to help satisfy this demand. In this volume, leading experts in second language acquisition and language planning supply cutting-edge research on working memory and cognition and empirical studies of effective teaching. The theoretical and empirical work in these pages is complemented by descriptions of successful pedagogical practices that take students from the Advanced to the Superior levels and beyond. With examples ranging across a number of languages, including Russian, Chinese, and Arabic, the volume will serve a broad audience. This practical handbook will help seasoned instructors improve outcomes, while it can also be used for training new instructors in methods courses.   ISBN 978-1-62616-173-3 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-62616-174-0  1.  Second language acquisition.  I. Brown, Tony (Newel Anthony), editor II. Bown, Jennifer, editor   P118.2.T6 2015   418.0071--dc23 2014023184 This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials. 15 14    9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 First printing Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Debra Naylor, Naylor Design, Inc. ◆ Contents Acknowledgments vii List of Abbreviations ix Introduction: Past Context, Present Focus, Future Directions: Shifting Focus from Intermediate Skills in Classroom Training to Advanced/Superior and Beyond xiii ◆ Cynthia L. Martin PArT One DeFInIng ChArACTerISTICS OF hIgh-level lAnguAge leArnIng AnD leArnerS 1 1. experience with higher levels of Proficiency 3 ◆ Betty Lou Leaver and Christine Campbell 2. l1, l2, and Cognitive Development: exploring relationships 23 ◆ Dan Dewey, Ray Clifford, and Troy Cox PArT TwO APPrOACheS TO MAxIMIzIng lAnguAge gAIn AT hOMe AnD ABrOAD 43 3. Developing Superior language Proficiency and Analytical Skills for the Federal workforce 45 ◆ Deborah Kennedy and Christa Hansen 4. Advanced Foreign language Study through global Debate 73 ◆ Tony Brown, Jennifer Bown, and Dennis L. Eggett 5. Chinese for Special Purposes: Individualized Instruction as a Bridge to Overseas Direct enrollment 87 ◆ Matthew B. Christensen and Dana S. Bourgerie v vi Contents 6. Taking on the “Ceiling effect” in Arabic 105 ◆ R. Kirk Belnap and Khaled Abuamsha 7. The Development of l2 Proficiency and literacy within the Context of the Federally Supported Overseas language Training Programs for Americans 117 ◆ Dan E. Davidson PArT Three FuTure DIreCTIOnS In ASSeSSMenT, PrOgrAM DeSIgn, AnD nATIOnAl POlICy 151 8. From Proficiency to expertise: using hr evaluation Methods to Assess Advanced Foreign language and Culture Ability 153 ◆ Patrick McAloon 9. Professional language Skills: unprecedented Demand and Supply 171 ◆ Richard D. Brecht, William P. Rivers, John P. Robinson, and Dan E. Davidson 10. expanded understandings and Programmatic Approaches for Achieving Advanced language Ability 185 ◆ Frederick H. Jackson Conclusion: To Advanced Proficiency and Beyond: Charting a new Course in the Twenty-First Century 205 ◆ Tony Brown and Jennifer Bown Contributors 213 Index 217 ‹ Acknowledgments We Wish to thank Ray Clifford, Director of the Center for Language Studies, and John Rosenberg, Dean of the College of Humanities, both of Brigham Young University, for sponsoring a symposium in 2012 that precipitated this volume. Agnes Welch of the Center for Language Studies provided invaluable behind-the-scenes assistance in the way of planning and carrying out the symposium. We also wish to thank Mel Thorne of Faculty Editing Services at Brigham Young University for providing critical input and direction in the final stages of format editing. The contributors to this volume made editing it a true pleasure. We express our sincere thanks to each of them for their thoughtful input, graceful acceptance of feedback, and their careful attention to detail. We would like to thank the editorial staff at Georgetown University Press for their insightful feedback and attention to detail. In particular, we are indebted to David Nicholls, acquisitions editor, Deborah Weiner, former editorial and produc- tion manager, and Glenn Saltzman, editorial, design, and production manager. Outside readers provided important organizational, compositional, and stylis- tic comments that enhanced the volume as a whole. We extend our sincere thanks to them for their careful reading of the manuscript and quality feedback. Lastly, we wish to thank our spouses, Emily Brown and Tom Bown, for their support and encouragement in seeing this project through to completion. vii This page intentionally left blank ‹ List of Abbreviations ACIE American Councils for International Education ACTFL American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages ACTR American Council of Teachers of Russian AH Advanced High AL Advanced Low AL2 Advanced language ability ALC Advanced language capability ALPPS Advanced Language Performance Portfolio System ALT Adaptive Listening Test AM Advanced Mid AOF Arabic Overseas Flagship ART Adaptive Reading Test BA Bachelor of Arts BYU Brigham Young University CAL Center for Applied Linguistics CALL Center for the Advancement of Language Learning CASA Center for Arabic Study Abroad CATRC Computer Adaptive Test for Reading Chinese CCALT Chinese Computer Adaptive Listening Test CDLC Coalition of Distinguished Language Centers CE Continuing Education CLIL Content and Language Integrated Learning CLS Critical Languages Scholarship DA Diagnostic Assessment DLAB Defense Language Aptitude Battery DLIELC Defense Language Institute English Language Center DLIFLC Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center DLNSEO Defense Language and National Security Education Office DLPT Defense Language Proficiency Test DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency ECA Educational and Cultural Affairs EHLS English for Heritage Language Speakers ERP event-related potential ESP English for Specific Purposes ix

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To Advanced Proficiency and Beyond: Theory and Methods for Developing Superior Second Language Ability addresses an important issue in Second Language Acquisition―how to help learners progress from Intermediate and Advanced proficiency to Superior and beyond. Due to the pressures of globalization,
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