Time use studies and unpaid care work

257 Pages·2012·2.345 MB·English

by  Budlender, Debbie

Time Use Studies and
Unpaid Care Work
Routledge/UNRISD Research in
Gender and Development
1. New Perspectives on 5. Governing Women
Gender and Migration Women’s Political Effectiveness in
Livelihood, Rights and Entitlements Contexts of Democratization and
Edited by Nicola Piper Governance Reform
Edited by Anne Marie Goetz
2. Gendered Peace
Women’s Struggles for Post-War 6. The Gendered Impacts
Justice and Reconciliation of Liberalization
Edited by Donna Pankhurst Towards “Embedded Liberalism”?
Edited by Shahra Razavi
3. Global Perspectives on
Gender Equality 7. Time Use Studies and Unpaid
Reversing the Gaze Care Work
Edited by Naila Kabeer and Agneta Edited by Debbie Budlender
Stark with Edda Magnus
4. Social Justice and Gender Equality
Rethinking Development Strategies
and Macroeconomic Policies
Edited by Günseli Berik, Yana van der
Meulen Rodgers, and Ann Zammit
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
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First published 2010
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© 2010 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Time use studies and unpaid care work / edited by Debbie Budlender.
p. cm. — (Routledge/UNRISD research in gender and development ; 7)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Time management—Cross-cultural studies. 2. Caregivers—Cross-cultural
studies. 3. Caregivers—Salaries, etc.—Cross-cultural studies. I. Budlender, Debbie.
HD69.T54T488 2010
362'.0425068—dc22
2010005910
ISBN 0-203-84614-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN13: 978-0-415-88224-8 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-84614-8 (ebk)
Time Use Studies and
Unpaid Care Work
Edited by Debbie Budlender
New York London
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xix
Foreword xxi
1 What do Time Use Studies Tell Us about Unpaid Care Work?
Evidence from Seven Countries 1
DEBBIE BUDLENDER
2 Tanzania: Care in the Context of HIV and AIDS 46
DEBBIE BUDLENDER
3 South Africa: When Marriage and the Nuclear Family Are Not
the Norm 69
DEBBIE BUDLENDER
4 Unpaid Care Work: Analysis of the Indian Time Use Data 92
NEETHA N. AND RAJNI PALRIWALA
5 Republic of Korea: Analysis of Time Use Survey on Work and
Care 118
MI-YOUNG AN
6 Analysis of Time Use Surveys on Work and Care in Japan 142
YUKO TAMIYA AND MASATO SHIKATA
7 The Case of Nicaragua 171
ISOLDA ESPINOSA GONZÁLEZ
vi Contents
8 Unpaid Care Work in the City of Buenos Aires 197
VALERIA ESQUIVEL
Index 223
Figures
1.1 Participation rates by SNA category, country and sex. 13
1.2 Mean time spent per day on activities by SNA category,
country and sex for full sample population. 15
1.3 Mean time spent per day on activities by SNA category,
country and sex for actors. 17
1.4 Composition of hours spent on SNA and unpaid care work
by sex. 19
1.5 Participation rates by sub-category of unpaid care work,
country and sex. 21
1.6 Mean time spent per day on activities by sub-category of
unpaid care work, country and sex for full sample population. 22
1.7 Mean time spent per day on sub-categories of unpaid care
work by country and sex for actors. 23
1.8 Care dependency ratios. 33
1.9 Components of care dependency ratios. 34
1.10 Value of unpaid care work and care of persons as a
percentage of GDP. 39
1.11 Value of unpaid care work as a percentage of paid work in
the economy. 41
1.12 Value of unpaid care work as percentage of personal tax. 42
2.1 Time spent on paid and unpaid work by sex. 51
2.2 Percentage of people doing person care and paid work by
sex. 58
viii Figures
2.3 Distribution of time spent on unpaid care work by sex. 64
2.4 Distribution of time spent on person care. 64
3.1 Time spent on paid and unpaid work by sex. 74
3.2 Percentage of people doing person care and paid work by
sex. 81
3.3 Distribution of time spent on unpaid care work by sex. 86
3.4 Distribution of time spent on person care. 87
4.1 Mean hours per day spent by actors on SNA and extended
SNA by sex and location. 96
4.2 Mean hours spent daily on SNA and extended SNA by
marital status. 98
4.3 Distribution of number of persons across various time slots
spent on unpaid care work. 104
4.4 Distribution of population by sex and time spent on person
care. 112
5.1 Time spent on activities by sex in 1999 and 2004. 122
5.2 Distribution of time spent on unpaid care work by sex,
1999. 134
5.3 Distribution of time spent on person care by sex, 1999. 134
5.4 Distribution of time spent on unpaid care work by sex,
2004. 135
5.5 Distribution of time spent on person care, 2004. 135
6.1 Changes in the relative share of two-generation and three-
generation households with children under the age of six
between 1986 and 2006. 156
6.2 Labour force participation of mothers with at least one child
under the age of six by type of household (1986–2006). 159
6.3 Changes in the labour force participation rate of single
mothers with at least one child under the age of six (1991–
2006). 161
6.4 Percentage of men and women who usually care for a
family member (1991–2006). 164
Figures ix
6.5 Percentage of people caring for family members living in
separate residence (2001–2006). 164
6.6 Percentage of caregivers for family members 65 years old
and over using caring assistance. 166
7.1 Distribution of time spent on unpaid care work by sex. 180
7.2 Distribution of time spent on care of persons by sex. 181
8.1 Composition of total working time (24-hour) by sex. 200