Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application: Essays in Honor of Philip G. Zimbardo PDF
Preview Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application: Essays in Honor of Philip G. Zimbardo
Maciej Stolarski Nicolas Fieulaine Wessel van Beek Editors Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application Essays in Honor of Philip G. Zimbardo Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application Maciej Stolarski (cid:129) Nicolas Fieulaine Wessel van Beek Editors Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application Essays in Honor of Philip G. Zimbardo Editors Maciej Stolarski Nicolas Fieulaine Faculty of Psychology Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie University of Warsaw Sociale, Institut de Psychologie Warsaw , Poland Université de Lyon Bron , France Wessel van Beek GGZ Veenendaal Veenendaal , The Netherlands ISBN 978-3-319-07367-5 ISBN 978-3-319-07368-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014942519 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. 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Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Photo Credit goes to Linda A. Cicero/Stanford News Service, who kindly granted us the use of her picture on our cover. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To Phil Zimbardo, our Teacher, our Mentor, our Friend To all authors, who promptly replied to our many requests and patiently waited for ours To our families and friends, who supported and encouraged us during this huge but exciting project To our colleagues from the TP international network and beyond May the time be on your side! Maciej, Nicolas, & Wessel Philip Zimbardo is internationally recognized as the “voice and face of contemporary psychology” through his widely viewed PBS-TV series, Discovering Psychology , his media appearances, best- selling trade books, and his classic research, The Stanford Prison Experiment. Zimbardo has been a Stanford University professor since 1968 (now emeritus), having taught previously at Yale, NYU, and Columbia University. He also continues to teach at the Naval Post Graduate School in Monterey (courses on the psychology of terrorism), and is professor at the Palo Alto University (teaching social psychology to clinical graduate students). Zimbardo has been given numerous awards and honors as an educator, researcher, writer, media contributor, and for service to the profession of psychology. He has been awarded the Vaclav Havel Foundation Prize for his lifetime of research on the human condition. Among his more than 400 professional publications, including 50 trade and textbooks, is the oldest current textbook in psychology, Psychology and Life, and Core Concepts in Psychology in its seventh edition. His popular book on shyness in adults was the fi rst of its kind, as was the shyness clinic that he started in the community and continues as a treatment- research clinic at the Palo Alto University in Palo Alto. His current research interests are in the domain of experimental social psychology, with a scattered emphasis on everything interesting to study from: time perspective, persuasion, madness, violence, political psychology, and terrorism. His current passion is The Heroic Imagination Project, exploring and encouraging the psychology of everyday heroes. Noted for his personal and professional efforts to actually ‘give psychology away to the public’, Zimbardo has also been a social- political activist, challenging the Government’s wars in Vietnam and Iraq, as well as the American Correctional System. Zimbardo has been President of the American Psychological Association (2002), President of the Western Psychological Association (twice), Chair of the Council of Scientifi c Society Presidents (CSSP), and now Chair of the Western Psychological Foundation, as well as the Director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Policy, Education, and Research on Terrorism (CIPERT). He is excited about his recent trade books, including: The Lucifer Effect (Random House, 2007, paperback, 2008), The Time Paradox (with John Boyd, Free Press, 2008), The Demise of Guys (with Nikita Duncan, TED books, 2012), and Time Cure (with Richard and Rosemary Sword, Wiley, 2012). Foreword Refl ections on the Beginning of Time… Perspective When Phil Zimbardo joined the Stanford faculty in the late 1960s, he came with prior training in hypnosis and experience in using it as a methodological tool (Zimbardo 1969). However, at Stanford he developed a new working relationship with the hypnosis laboratory run by his colleague, Jack Hilgard. Phil then organized a research team to use hypnosis methodology to study various cognitive and emo- tional processes. I was one of the members of that team, along with Gary Marshall and Greg White, and we conducted a number of different studies on such phenom- ena as unexplained arousal and control of physiological processes (see Maslach et al. 1979). The results of the unexplained arousal studies led Phil to do his later, innovative research on discontinuity theory and madness (Zimbardo 1999). But the most exciting studies that our team conducted were those having to do with people’s personal sense of time. Phil used both his own experiences and those of others to begin developing an idea that the way in which people understand and experience the fl ow of time as well as perceive distinctions between past, present, and future might provide great insights into various patterns of human behavior. He read all kinds of source materials with relevance to time, including historical, religious, economic, literary, and cross-cultural ones, and took his inspiration from these as well as from psychology, sociology, and anthropology. The discussions that we had about these new ideas, and about possible hypotheses, were truly fascinating. Our fi rst study focused on the notion of an expanded present, and we devised several behavioral measures to assess both the effectiveness of our hypnotic induc- tion and of the hypothesized outcomes (Zimbardo et al. 1971). The research design compared the responses of twelve trained hypnotic subjects given the suggestion to “allow the present to expand and the past and future to become distant and insignifi - cant” with those of eighteen other subjects distributed across three control condi- tions. In two of these conditions, the same expanded present time distortion instruction was given: half of these subjects were simulators, told to imagine how ix
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