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HEALTH
BEHAVIOR
AND
HEALTH
EDUCATION
Theory, Research,
and Practice
4 E
TH DITION
KAREN GLANZ
BARBARA K. RIMER
K. VISWANATH
Editors
Foreword by C. Tracy Orleans
Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page ii
Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page i
HEALTH
BEHAVIOR
AND
HEALTH
EDUCATION
Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page ii
Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iii
HEALTH
BEHAVIOR
AND
HEALTH
EDUCATION
Theory, Research,
and Practice
4 E
TH DITION
KAREN GLANZ
BARBARA K. RIMER
K. VISWANATH
Editors
Foreword by C. Tracy Orleans
Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iv
Copyright ©2008 by John Wiley & Sons,Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by Jossey-Bass
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Health behavior and health education :theory,research,and practice / Karen Glanz,Barbara K.
Rimer,and K. Viswanath,editors. — 4th ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7879-9614-7 (cloth)
1. Health behavior. 2. Health education. 3. Health promotion. I. Glanz,Karen. II. Rimer,Barbara K.
III. Viswanath,K. (Kasisomayajula)
[DNLM:1. Health Behavior. 2. Health Education. W 85 H43415 2008]
RA776.9.H434 2008
613—dc22
2008021038
Printed in the United States of America
FOURTH EDITION
HB Printing10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page v
CONTENTS
Foreword xiii
C. Tracy Orleans
Tables and Figures xvii
Preface xxi
The Editors xxvii
The Contributors xxxi
PART ONE: HEALTH EDUCATION AND
HEALTH BEHAVIOR: THE FOUNDATIONS 1
ONE: THE SCOPE OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR
AND HEALTH EDUCATION 3
The Editors
Key Points 3
The Changing Context of Health Behavior 6
Health Education and Health Behavior in Context 9
Settings and Audiences for Health Education 12
Progress in Health Promotion and Health Behavior Research 16
Summary 18
TWO: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND PRACTICE
IN HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION 23
The Editors
Key Points 23
Theory,Research,and Practice:Interrelations 24
What Is Theory? 26
Paradigms for Theory and Research in Health Promotion and Education 29
Trends in Use of Health Behavior Theories and Models 31
Selection of Theories for This Book 33
Fitting a Theory or Theories to Research and Practice 35
Limitations of This Book 37
Summary 38
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vi
Contents
PART TWO: MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR 41
Barbara K. Rimer
THREE: THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL 45
Victoria L. Champion and Celette Sugg Skinner
Key Points 45
Origins of the Model 46
Description of HBM and Key Constructs 46
Evidence for the Model’s Performance 50
Measurement of HBM Constructs 51
Applications of the HBM to Mammography
and AIDS-Related Behaviors 53
Comparison of HBM to Other Theories 60
Challenges in Future HBM Research 61
Summary 62
FOUR: THEORY OF REASONED ACTION, THEORY OF PLANNED
BEHAVIOR, AND THE INTEGRATED BEHAVIORAL MODEL 67
Daniel E. Montaño and Danuta Kasprzyk
Key Points 67
Origins and Historical Development 68
Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior 70
An Integrated Behavioral Model 77
Elicitation 82
Application of IBM to HIV Prevention in Zimbabwe 82
Summary 92
FIVE: THE TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL
AND STAGES OF CHANGE 97
James O. Prochaska, Colleen A. Redding, and Kerry E. Evers
Key Points 97
Core Constructs 98
Applications of the Transtheoretical Model 108
Multiple-Behavior Change Programs 114
Limitations of the Model 116
Future Research 116
Summary 117
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vii
Contents
SIX: THE PRECAUTION ADOPTION PROCESS MODEL 123
Neil D. Weinstein, Peter M. Sandman, and Susan J. Blalock
Key Points 123
How Stage Theories Address Explaining and Changing Behavior 124
The Precaution Adoption Process Model 126
Using the PAPM to Develop and Evaluate Behavior Change Interventions 131
How Stage Theories Can Be Tested 134
An Example Using Matched and Mismatched Treatments 134
Review of Research Using the PAPM 140
Criteria for Applying Stage-Based Interventions 143
Future Directions 145
Summary 145
SEVEN: PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH BEHAVIOR
THEORIES THAT FOCUS ON INDIVIDUALS 149
Noel T. Brewer and Barbara K. Rimer
Key Points 149
Why Theory Is Needed 150
How to Decide Which Theory to Use 151
A Closer Look at Individual-Level Theories 152
Commonalities and Differences Across the Theories 157
New Constructs and Theories 160
Summary 162
PART THREE: MODELS OF INTERPERSONAL
HEALTH BEHAVIOR 167
EIGHT: HOW INDIVIDUALS, ENVIRONMENTS, AND HEALTH
BEHAVIORS INTERACT: SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY 169
Alfred L. McAlister, Cheryl L. Perry, and Guy S. Parcel
Key Points 169
Concepts of SCT 170
Applications to Health Promotion 175
Case Studies 178
New Applications 182
Limitations in Research on New SCT Applications 184
Summary 185
Description:cycle, from childbirth education, whose beneficiaries are not yet born, to self-care ed- ucation and injury to the breast (Guidry, Matthews-Juarez, and Copeland, 2003; Skinner, Arfken, Bandura's first comprehensive textbook— Although negative health-related life events can be viewed as win-.