Theory of Photon Acceleration

233 Pages·2001·1.06 MB·English

by  J.T Mendonca

Theory of Photon Acceleration
Series in Plasma Physics
SeriesEditors:
ProfessorPeterStott,CEACaderache,France
ProfessorHansWilhelmsson,ChalmersUniversityofTechnology,Sweden
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Series in Plasma Physics
Theory of Photon Acceleration
J T Mendonc¸a
Instituto Superior Te´cnico, Lisbon
Institute of Physics Publishing
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Contents
Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Definitionoftheconcept 1
1.2 Historicalbackground 3
1.3 Descriptionofthecontents 5
2 Photonraytheory 8
2.1 Geometricoptics 8
2.2 Spaceandtimerefraction 11
2.2.1 Refraction 12
2.2.2 Timerefraction 13
2.2.3 Space–timerefraction 15
2.3 GeneralizedSnell’slaw 17
2.4 Photoneffectivemass 22
2.5 Covariantformulation 27
3 Photondynamics 31
3.1 Ionizationfronts 31
3.2 Acceleratedfronts 39
3.3 Photontrapping 43
3.3.1 Generationoflaserwakefields 43
3.3.2 Nonlinearphotonresonance 44
3.3.3 Covariantformulation 49
3.4 Stochasticphotonacceleration 51
3.4.1 Motionintwowakefields 52
3.4.2 Photondiscretemapping 54
3.5 PhotonFermiacceleration 57
3.6 Magnetoplasmasandotheropticalmedia 63
4 Photonkinetictheory 67
4.1 Klimontovichequationforphotons 68
4.2 Wigner–Moyalequationforelectromagneticradiation 70
4.2.1 Non-dispersivemedium 70
4.2.2 Dispersivemedium 74
viii Contents
4.3 Photondistributions 75
4.3.1 Uniformandnon-dispersivemedium 76
4.3.2 Uniformanddispersivemedium 77
4.3.3 Pulsechirp 78
4.3.4 Non-stationarymedium 81
4.3.5 Self-blueshift 82
4.4 Photonfluidequations 83
4.5 Self-phasemodulation 87
4.5.1 Opticaltheory 88
4.5.2 Kinetictheory 90
5 Photonequivalentcharge 97
5.1 Derivationoftheequivalentcharge 97
5.2 Photonondulator 103
5.3 Photontransitionradiation 105
5.4 PhotonLandaudamping 108
5.5 Photonbeamplasmainstabilities 113
5.6 Equivalentdipoleinanopticalfibre 115
6 Fullwavetheory 123
6.1 Spaceandtimereflection 123
6.1.1 Reflectionandrefraction 123
6.1.2 Timereflection 125
6.2 GeneralizedFresnelformulae 126
6.3 Magneticmode 128
6.4 Darksource 133
7 Non-stationaryprocessesinacavity 140
7.1 Linearmodecouplingtheory 140
7.2 Flashionizationinacavity 143
7.3 Ionizationfrontinacavity 146
7.4 Electronbeaminacavity 149
7.5 Fermiaccelerationinacavity 152
8 Quantumtheoryofphotonacceleration 157
8.1 Quantizationoftheelectromagneticfield 157
8.1.1 Quantizationinadielectricmedium 157
8.1.2 Quantizationinaplasma 161
8.2 Timerefraction 165
8.2.1 Operatortransformations 165
8.2.2 SymmetricFockstates 167
8.2.3 Probabilityfortimereflection 170
8.2.4 Conservationrelations 172
8.3 Quantumtheoryofdiffraction 173
Contents ix
9 Newdevelopments 177
9.1 Neutrino–plasmaphysics 177
9.2 Photonsinagravitationalfield 183
9.2.1 Gravitationalredshift 183
9.2.2 Gravitationallens 186
9.2.3 Interactionofphotonswithgravitationalwaves 187
9.2.4 Othermetricsolutions 191
9.3 Meanfieldaccelerationprocesses 193
Appendix DerivationoftheWigner–Moyalequation 195
A.1 Non-dispersivemedia 195
A.2 Dispersivemedia 198
References 203
Glossary 209
Index 215