The World Muslim Population The World Muslim Population Spatial and Temporal Analyses Houssain Kettani Published by Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. Level 34, Centennial Tower 3 Temasek Avenue Singapore 039190 Email: [email protected] Web: www.jennystanford.com British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The World Muslim Population: Spatial and Temporal Analyses CAlol priygrhitgsh rte s©er v2e0d2. T0h bisy b Joeonkn, oyr S ptaarntfso thrder Peoufb, mlisahyi nnogt Pbete r.e Lptrdod.uced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 978-981-4800-31-0 (Hardcover) ISBN 978-0-429-42253-9 (eBook) In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest And you see the people entering into the religion of (1) Allah in multitudes Then exalt [Him] with praise of your Lord and (2) ask forgiveness of Him. Indeed, He is ever accepting of repentance Surat An-Nasr (3) (The Victory, 110) Contents Preface Acknowledgments xvii 1. Introduction xi1x 2 Islam in Asia 11 2.1 Muslims in the Near East 14 2.1.1 Armenia 16 2.1.2 Azerbaijan 18 2.1.3 Cyprus 23 2.1.4 Georgia 28 2.1.5 Iran 33 2.1.6 Turkey 35 2.1.7 Regional Summary and Conclusion 37 2.2 Muslims in Central Asia 43 2.2.1 Afghanistan 46 2.2.2 Kazakhstan 47 2.2.3 Kyrgyzstan 51 2.2.4 Mongolia 54 2.2.5 Tajikistan 55 2.2.6 Turkmenistan 60 2.2.7 Uzbekistan 64 2.2.8 Regional Summary and Conclusion 67 2.3 Muslims in Arabian Asia 74 2.3.1 Bahrain 75 2.3.2 Iraq 77 2.3.3 Jordan 79 2.3.4 Kuwait 82 2.3.5 Lebanon 83 2.3.6 Oman 85 2.3.7 Palestine/Israel 86 2.3.8 Qatar 90 2.3.9 Saudi Arabia 92 2.3.10 Syria 93 viii Contents 2.3.11 United Arab Emirates 95 2.3.12 Yemen 96 2.3.13 Regional Summary and Conclusion 104 2.4 Muslims in Southeast Asia 105 2.4.1 Brunei 107 2.4.2 Cambodia 108 2.4.3 Indonesia 110 2.4.4 Laos 118 2.4.5 Malaysia 119 2.4.6 Myanmar (Burma) 123 2.4.7 Philippines 127 2.4.8 Singapore 136 2.4.9 Thailand 140 2.4.10 Timor-Leste (East Timor) 142 2.4.11 Vietnam 143 2.4.12 Regional Summary and Conclusion 145 2.5 Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent 152 2.5.1 Bangladesh 154 2.5.2 Bhutan 156 2.5.3 India 157 2.5.4 Maldives 161 2.5.5 Nepal 169 2.5.6 Pakistan 171 2.5.7 Sri Lanka 174 2.5.8 Regional Summary and Conclusion 179 2.6 Muslims in the Far East 186 2.6.1 China 187 2.6.2 Hong Kong 204 2.6.3 Japan 206 2.6.4 North Korea 209 2.6.5 South Korea 210 2.6.6 Macao 211 2.6.7 Taiwan 214 2.6.8 Regional Summary and Conclusion 215 3. 2Is.l7a m inA Asfiraic’sa S ummary and Conclusion 222481 3.1 Muslims in North Africa 244 3.1.1 Algeria 246