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The Use of Gender Markers in Animals PDF

171 Pages·2016·2.344 MB·English
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112 This book is a contribution to the study of the linguistic concept of gender. It Ludmila Zemková focuses on the problem of assigning gender to animal nouns. This problem is topical in view of the fact that in present-day English, gender is a marginal The Use of Gender Markers grammatical category and therefore recedes into the background in descriptions of today’s English. Grammatical gender is a rare topic of research, scientific discussions or papers. The detailed analysis of gender assignment to animal in Animals names is based on two subcorpora: the English edition of National Geographic and the English edition of the Journal of Zoology. The book closes with a con- trastive analysis of gender markers. As Demonstrated by Issues of National Geographic s l a m i n A n i s r e k r a M r e d n e G f o e s U e h T · á DUISBURGER ARBEITEN ZUR SPRACH- v o UND KULTURWISSENSCHAFT k m e DUISBURG PAPERS ON RESEARCH Ludmila Zemková is an Assistant Professor in the Department of English at Z the Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, Cˇeské Budeˇjovice. She a IN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE l i studied at the Faculty of Arts at Masaryk University in Brno. Her research inter- m Band / Volume 112 ests include the linguistic concept of gender and gender in present-day English. d u L www.peterlang.com ISBN 978-3-631-67457-4 DASK 112_267457_Zemkova_ak_A5HCk PLE neue Maße.indd 1 25.01.16 KW 04 12:06 Rüze=12pt 112 This book is a contribution to the study of the linguistic concept of gender. It Ludmila Zemková focuses on the problem of assigning gender to animal nouns. This problem is topical in view of the fact that in present-day English, gender is a marginal The Use of Gender Markers grammatical category and therefore recedes into the background in descriptions of today’s English. Grammatical gender is a rare topic of research, scientific discussions or papers. The detailed analysis of gender assignment to animal in Animals names is based on two subcorpora: the English edition of National Geographic and the English edition of the Journal of Zoology. The book closes with a con- trastive analysis of gender markers. As Demonstrated by Issues of National Geographic s l a m i n A n i s r e k r a M r e d n e G f o e s U e h T · á DUISBURGER ARBEITEN ZUR SPRACH- v o UND KULTURWISSENSCHAFT k m e DUISBURG PAPERS ON RESEARCH Ludmila Zemková is an Assistant Professor in the Department of English at Z the Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, Cˇeské Budeˇjovice. She a IN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE l i studied at the Faculty of Arts at Masaryk University in Brno. Her research inter- m Band/Volume 112 ests include the linguistic concept of gender and gender in present-day English. d u L www.peterlang.com DASK 112_267457_Zemkova_ak_A5HCk PLE neue Maße.indd 1 25.01.16 KW 04 12:06 Rüze=12pt The Use of Gender Markers in Animals DUISBURGER ARBEITEN ZUR SPRACH- UND KULTURWISSENSCHAFT DUISBURG PAPERS ON RESEARC H IN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE Herausgegeben von/edited by Ulrich Ammon, René Dirven und/and Martin Pütz Band/Volume 112 Zu Qualitätssicherung und Peer Review Notes on the quality assurance and peer der vorliegenden Publikation review of this publication Die Qualität der in dieser Reihe Prior to publication, the quality of the erscheinenden Arbeiten wird vor der work published in this series is re- Publikation durch einen Herausgeber viewed by one of the editors der Reihe geprüft. of the series. Ludmila Zemková The Use of Gender Markers in Animals As Demonstrated by Issues of National Geographic Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National- bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d- nb.de. ISSN 0934-3709 ISBN 978-3-631-67457-4 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-653-06623-4 (E-Book) DOI 10.3726/978-3-653-06623-4 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Frankfurt am Main 2015 All rights reserved. Peter Lang Edition is an Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH. Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙ Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Contents 1. Introduction .....................................................................................................9 2. Theoretical background ............................................................................11 2.1 The History of Gender................................................................................11 2.2 An Overview of Gender in English ..........................................................12 2.2.1 History ..........................................................................................................12 3. Gender Assignment in Animal Nouns ...............................................15 3.1 Gender in Present-Day English .................................................................15 3.2 An overview of gender in animals in modern reference grammars .......20 3.3 Gender in animals in the world’s languages ............................................26 3.3.1 Basic types of assigning gender to animal nouns in languages with strict semantic or predominantly semantic systems ....................................................................................................27 3.3.2 Assigning gender to animal nouns in languages with formal assignment systems ..............................................................29 4. Material Analysis ..........................................................................................33 4.1 Introductory information ..........................................................................33 4.2 The analysis of gender of animals based on National Geographic articles ......................................................................34 4.2.1 Insect........................................................................................................36 4.2.2 Sea Species ..............................................................................................42 4.2.3 Reptiles and Amphibians .....................................................................57 4.2.4 Birds .........................................................................................................62 4.2.5 Big cats ....................................................................................................67 4.2.6 Bear ..........................................................................................................78 4.2.7 Elephant ..................................................................................................81 5 4.2.8 Apes .........................................................................................................84 4.2.9 Final chart and material analysis .......................................................86 4.3 The analysis of gender markers in animals based on Journal of Zoology ........................................................................................88 4.3.1 Journal of Zoology............................................................................88 4.4 The comparison of gender markers in animals included in the corpora of National Geographic and Journal of Zoology ........................97 4.4.1 Praying Mantis .......................................................................................98 4.4.2 Cricket ...............................................................................................99 4.4.3 Spider .....................................................................................................101 4.4.4 Crab .......................................................................................................102 4.4.5 Turtle .....................................................................................................104 4.4.6 Lizard .....................................................................................................105 4.4.7 Snake ......................................................................................................107 4.4.8 Bat ..........................................................................................................108 4.4.9 Albatross ...............................................................................................109 4.4.10 Seal .........................................................................................................111 4.4.11 Wild dog ...............................................................................................112 4.4.12 Wolf ........................................................................................................114 4.4.13 Fox ..........................................................................................................115 4.4.14 Lynx .......................................................................................................117 4.4.15 Bear ........................................................................................................118 4.4.16 Horse......................................................................................................120 4.4.17 Crayfish, Possum, Mongoose ............................................................121 4.4.18 Final charts and material analysis....................................................122 4.5 The analysis of gender in juvenile animals ..............................................124 4.5.1 Youngsters in National Geographic ................................................125 4.5.2 Youngsters in Journal of Zoology ....................................................126 4.5.3 Material analysis of gender in juvenile animals ............................128 4.6 The Comparative analysis of the use of gender markers by Czech students and native speakers ..........................................................133 4.6.1 The use of gender markers by Czech students ..............................138 6 4.6.2 The use of gender markers by native speakers ..............................147 4.6.3 The use of gender markers by Czech students and native speakers .....................................................................................150 5. Summary .............................................................................................................153 List of Figures ...........................................................................................................161 List of Tables..............................................................................................................163 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................165 7

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