The United Nations and Peacekeeping: Results, Limitations and Prospects: The Lessons of 40 Years of Experience PDF
Preview The United Nations and Peacekeeping: Results, Limitations and Prospects: The Lessons of 40 Years of Experience
THE UNITED NATIONS AND PEACEKEEPING The United Nations and Peacekeeping Results, Limitations and Prospects: The Lessons of 40 Years of Experience Edited by Indar Jit Rikhye President, International Peace Academy New York and Kjell Skjelsbaek Acting Director Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Oslo Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978-1-349-20810-4 ISBN 978-1-349-20808-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-20808-1 ©International Peace Academy 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 First published in the United States of America in 1991 ISBN 978-0-312-05364-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The United Nations and peacekeeping : results, limitations, and prospects : the lessons of 40 years of experience I edited by Indar Jit Rikhye and Kjell Skjelsbaek. p. em. Papers presented at a workshop held in Oslo, Norway, December 12-14, 1988, co-sponsored by the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and the International Peace Academy. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-312-05364-2 1. United Nations-Armed Forces-Congresses. I. Rikhye, Indar Jit, 1920- . II. Skjelsbaek, Kjell. III. Norsk utenrikspolitisk institutt. IV. International Peace Academy. JX1981.P7U413 1991 341. 7'3-dc20 90-43358 CIP Contents Editors' Preface vii List of Abbreviations viii List of Tables xi Notes on the Contributors xii List of Participants XIV Introduction Indar lit Rikhye 1 1 Reflections by the Chairman Brian E. Urquhart 17 2 Rethinking Peacekeeping Augustus Richard Norton and Thomas G. Weiss 22 3 Peacekeeping in the International Political Context: Historical Analysis and Future Directions Henry Wiseman 32 4 UN Peacekeeping: Expectations, Limitations and Results: Forty Years of Mixed Experience Kjell Skjelsbaek 52 5 Peacekeeping and Peacemaking: The Need for Patience Gunther G. Greindl 68 6 The Management of UN Peacekeeping James 0. C. Jonah 75 7 The Financing of UN Peacekeeping Operations: The Need for a Sound Financial Basis Susan R. Mills 91 8 Support and Limitations: Peacekeeping from the Point of View of Troop-Contributors Johan J~rgen Holst 111 9 Peacekeeping and the Parties Alan M. James 125 v vi Contents 10 Peacekeepers and Local Populations: Some Comments on UNIFIL Marianne Heiberg 147 11 The Future of Peacekeeping lndar lit Rikhye 170 Appendix The International Peace Academy and the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 200 Editors' Preface In response to the increased interest in peacekeeping and the 40th anniversary of the first UN peacekeeping operation, the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and the International Peace Academy (IPA) agreed to co-sponsor a workshop entitled 'The UN and Peacekeeping: Results, Limitations and Prospects: The Lessons of 40 Years of Experience' in Oslo, Norway, 12-14 December 1988. The idea behind the workshop was to bring together a select group of peacekeeping practitioners, diplomats, and academicians with particular interest in this area in order to evaluate briefly the historical experiences of peacekeeping and to analyse critically its present potentials and problems. We were pleased to bring together an outstanding group of professionals with first-hand experience in areas of peacekeeping. We were especially fortunate that the Chairman was Sir Brian Urquhart, the former UN Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs, who has been associated with peacekeeping from its incep tion. Norway's strong endorsement of peacekeeping and the support for this workshop became obvious with the participation of two of its cabinet members, Dr Johan J0rgen Holst, Minister of Defence and Mr Thorvald Stoltenberg, Minister of Foreign Affairs. The list of other participants is included in this publication. This publication includes the papers presented at the Oslo work shop and the reflections of the Chairman. The workshop participants agreed on the agenda for further research, which is presently being undertaken by NUPI, the Centre for International and Strategic Studies, York University, Canada, and the IPA. We wish to express our sincere appreciation to the Ford Foundation, especially to Dr Enid Schoettle, to the MacArthur Foundation, to the Canadian Institute for International Security, and to the Samuel Freeman Charitable Trusts, for their support of this workshop and publication. Indar Jit Rikhye, Major-General (ret.), President, International Peace Academy Kjell Skjelsbaek, Acting Director, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs VII List of Abbreviations AMAL Afwaj AI-Muqamah AI-Lubnaniyya AO Area of Operation CAO Chief Administrative Officers CBMs Confidence Building Measures CDE Conference on Disarmament in Europe CIA Central Intelligence Agency CliPS Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security CMF Commonwealth Monitoring Force CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe DOMREP Mission of the Representative of the Secretary General in the Dominican Republic EOSG Executive Office of the Secretary-General FIJIBATT Fijian Battalion FINBATT Finnish Battalion FOD Field Operations Division FRENCHBATT French Battalion FRG Federal Republic of Germany GHANBATT Ghanaian Battalion GSS General Security Service ICCS International Commission for Control and Supervision ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICSC International Commission for Supervision and Control IDF Israel Defence Force ILO International Labour Organisation INF Intermediate Nuclear Force IPA International Peace Academy IRISHBATT Irish Battalion MFO Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai MNF I & II Multinational Force in Beirut I and II MNR Mozambique National Resistance NEPBATT Nepalese Battalion NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NORBATT Norwegian Battalion VIIJ List of Abbreviations ix NUPI Norwegian Institute of International Affairs OAU Organisation of African Unity OFOESA Office of Field Operations and External Support Activities ONUC United Nations Operation in the Congo OSPA Office for Special Political Affairs OUSGSPA Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation POL ISA RIO Frente Popular para Liberacion de Saguia el Hamra y Rio de Oro SARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SENBATI Senegalese Battalion SLA South Lebanese Army SSOD Special Session on Disarmament SWAPO South West Africa People's Organisation TRNC Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus UN United Nations UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification Mission UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force UNDOMREP United Nations Observer Group in The Dominican Republic UNEF I & II United Nations Emergency Force I and II UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus UNG OM AP United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon UNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group UNITA Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan UNMOs United Nations Military Observers UNOGIL United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon UNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance Group in Namibia X List of Abbreviations UNTEAIUNSF United Nations Temporary Executive Authority/ United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation UNYOM United Nations Yemen Observation Mission us United States of America USG Under-Secretary-General USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ZANU Zimbabwe African National Union ZANU PF Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front)
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