The Typology of the Early Codex

212 Pages·1977·3.764 MB·English

by  Eric Gardiner Turner

THE
TYPOLOGY
OF THE
EARLY
CODEX
The Eighteenth Publication in the
Haney Foundation Series
Universitv of Pennsylvania
THE
TYPOLOGY
OF THE
EARLY
CODEX
ERIC G. TURNER
University of Pennsylvania Press
1'J77
Copyright© 1977 by The University of Pennsylvania Press. Inc.
All rights reserved
Lihrar~ ofCon!!ress Catalo!! Card Numher: 75-10125
ISBN: 0-8 I 22-7696-5
Printed in the United States of America
Publication of this book was made possible b, a grant from the Hane,
Foundation oft he L'n1versitv of Pennsylvania
Contents
List of Books and Abbreviations v11
Illustrations 1x
Preface xx1
Chapter I Towards a Typology of the Codex I
Chapter 2 The Dimensions of Papyrus and Parchment Codices 13
Table I: Papyrus Codices Grouped by Dimensions 14
Table 2: Parchment Codices Classified by Dimensions 26
Appendix: Note on the evidence of Latin codices written on parchment 32
Chapter 3 The Priority of Parchment or Papyrus? 35
Table 3: Papyrus Codices Written in Two Columns 36
Table 4: Summary Table of Totals (by centuries)
of Papyrus Codices 37
Table 5: Detailed List of Early Parchment Codices 39
Appendix: The date of the Berlin Cretans 41
Chapter 4 Manufacture and Size 43
Chapter 5 How a Codex Was Made Up 55
Table 6: List of Single-Quire Codices 58
Table 7: List of"Uniones" 61
Table 8: List of "Terniones" 61
Table 9: List of "Quaterniones" 62
Table 10: List of"Quiniones" 64
Table 11: Alternation of Fiber Direction in the Gatherings
of Papyrus Codices 66
Chapter 6 The Codex and the Scribe 73
Table 12: Contents of Bodmer Composite Codex (Codices) 79
Chapter 7 The Form and Date of the Earliest Codices 89
Table 13: Inventory of Papyrus and Parchment Codices Dated
Before c. iv 89
Table 14: Codices Having Fifty or More Lines to a Page 96
Table 15: Codices Having a Square Written Area
( {3m easurement) 98
Table 16: Consolidated List of Codices Consulted IOI
Technical Index 187

List of Books
and Abbreviations
This is not a bibliography of the codex, but an aid to identification of works cited i1
the text. A detailed list of abbreviations used by papyrologists is set out in the works
of R. A. Pack (below) and in my Greek Papyri (see below), pp. 157-71 (brought up to
date in an Italian edition now at press at Lemonnier, Florence, 1975). Abbreviations
employed by New Testament scholars will be found in detail in the works of K. Aland
and B. M. Metzger below.
K. Aland, Kurzgefasste lisle der gr. Handschriften des Neuen Testaments. Berlin,
1963.
H. I. Bell and T. C. Skeat, Fragments of an Unknown Gospel. London, 1935.
Cambridge History of the Bible. Cambridge, 1963-70: Vol. I ed. P.R. Ackroyd and
C. F. Evans, 1970; Vol. II ed. G. W. H. Lampe, 1969; Vol. III ed. S. L. Green
slade, 1963.
G. Cavallo, Ricerche sul/a maiuscola biblica. 2 vols. Florence, 1967.
R. Devreesse, Introduction a /'etude des manuscrits grecs. Paris, 1954.
Sir Frederic Kenyon, Books and Readers in Ancient Greece and Rome (abbrev.
Books and Readers2). 2nd ed. Oxford, 195 l.
W. H. P. Hatch, The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament. Chicago,
1939.
P. L. Hedley, Unpublished list of Biblical manuscripts (compiled 1934).
E. A. Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores (abbrev. CLA). 11 volumes plus supplement.
Oxford, 1934-73.
J. Mallon, Paleographie romaine. Madrid, 1952.
B. M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament. 2nd ed. Oxford, 1968.
R. A. Pack (abbrev. Pack2), The Greek and Latin Literary Texts from Greco-Roman
Egypt. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, 1965.
C. H: Roberts, "The Codex," Proceedings of the British Academy XL (1954):
169-204. (A revised edition is in preparation.)
W. Schubart, Das Buch bei den Griechen und Romern (abbrev. Das Buch2). 2nd ed.
Berlin and Leipzig, 1921. (The 3rd edition of 1962 is useless to scholars.)
---Griechische Palaographie. Munich, 1925 (in Handbuch d. Altertumswissens
chaft).
---Papyri Graecae Berolinenses. Bonn, 1911.
R. Seider, Pa/aographie der griechischen Papyri. 2 Bande. Stuttgart, 1967, 1970.
E. G. Turner, Greek Papyri: An Introduction. Oxford and Princeton, 1968.
---Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World (abbrev. GMA W). Oxford and
Princeton, 1971.
---The Papyrologist at Work. Duke University, 1973.
ABBREVIATIONS
A DIK = Abhandlungen des Deutschen archaologischen lnstituts. Cairo, 1958-.
ARCH IV = Archiv fiir Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete. Leipzig/Berlin,
1901-.
BASP = Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists. New Haven/Toronto,
1963-.
BICS = Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Univ. of London, 1954-.
BI FAO = Bulletin de /'lnstitutfram;ais d'Archeologie orientale. Cairo, 1901-.
BKT = Berliner Klassikertexte. Berlin, 1904-.
=
Cd' E Chronique d' Egypte. Brussels, 1925-.
CLA = E. A. Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores. Oxford, 11 volumes plus supple-
ment.
CQ = Classical Quarterly. 1907-.
CR= Classical Review. Oxford, 1887-.
DJ D = Discoveries in theJudaean Desert [of Jordan]. Oxford, 1960-.
=
G RBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. Cambridge, Mass., 1958-.
HTR = Harvard Theological Review. Cambridge, Mass., 1908-.
JEA = Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 1914-.
J HS = Journal of Hellenic Studies. 1880-.
JN ES= Journal of Near Eastern Studies. Chicago, 1942-.
JTS = Journal of Theological Studies. New Haven, 1900-.
M IFAO = Memoires pub/ies par /es membres de la Mission Archeo/ogique Fran<;aise
au Caire. Cairo, 1884-.
M PER = Mitteilungen aus der Sammlung der Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. Vienna,
1887-97. Bande i-vi. The same abbreviation covers the new series, I. Folge
1932-.
PGM = Papyri Graecae Magicae. ed. K. Preisendanz. 3 vols. Leipzig/ Berlin, 1928,
1931, 1941.
PSI= Papiri greci e /atini. Florence, 1912-.
=
PT A Papyrologische Texte und Abhandlungen. Bonn, 1968-.
SB = Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus A.gyp ten. Strasbourg etc., 1913-.
SHA = Scriptores Historiae Augustae.
SIFC = Studi italiani difi/o/ogia c/assica. Florence, 1893-.
=
TU Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der a/tchristlichen Literatur.
Leipzig/Berlin, 1883-.
Stud. Pal. or SPP = Studien zur Palaeographie und Papyruskunde. ed. C. Wessely.
VBP = Veroffentlichungen aus den badischen Papyrus-Sammlungen. Demotic,
Coptic, and Greek texts at Heidelberg, edited by W. Spiegelberg, F. Bilabel, and
G. A. Gerhard.
YCS = Yale Classical Studies. New Haven, 1928-.
ZA W = Zeitschrift fur die a/ttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Berlin, 1881-.
ZNTW = Zeitschriftfur neutestamentliche Wissenschaft. Giessen, 1923-.
ZPE = Zeitschriftfur Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Bonn, 1967-.
Illustrations
I. An early codex written in one broad column XI
2. An early papyrus codex written in two columns XII
3. An early parchment codex written in two columns xiii
4. (a) A small-sized parchment codex xiv
(b) Handwriting of a parchment codex of Hesiod xv
5. (a) Handwriting of a papyrus roll of Thucydides xvi
(b) A misdated document: P. Oxy. xvii 2105 xvi
6. An early single-quire codex xvii
7. A papyrus codex of century vi after Christ xviii
8. An unusual format of parchment codex: Cairo 2748 XIX