The Tru e C r e a t or of E v er y t hing YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb ii 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb iiii 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM The Tru e C r e a t or of E v e r y t hi ng ∯ How the Human Brain Shaped the Universe as We Know It Miguel Nicolelis new haven and london YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb iiiiii 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM Copyright © 2020 by Miguel Nicolelis. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without writ- ten permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For informa- tion, please e-mail [email protected] (U.S. offi ce) or [email protected] (U.K. offi ce). Frontispiece: Juliano Pinto inside the brain-controlled robotic exoskeleton built by the Walk Again Project. (Courtesy of the Alberto Santos Dumont Association for Research Support [AASDAP]) Excerpt at the end of Chapter 12 from THE ROCK: A Pageant Play, Book by T. S. Eliot. Copyright © 1934 by Houghton Miffl in Harcourt Publishing Company, renewed 1962 by T. S. Eliot. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Miffl in Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Set in Scala type by Newgen North America. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019943685 isbn 978-0-300-24463-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ansi/niso z39.48- 1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb iivv 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM To the teachers who introduced me to the diff erent faces of the True Creator of Everything: Juarez Aranha Ricardo César Timo-Iaria John Chapin Rick Lin Jon Kaas and Ronald Cicurel YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb vv 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM This page intentionally left blank C on t en t s Preface ix Acknowledgments xv 1. In the Beginning . . . 1 2. The True Creator of Everything Makes Its Evolutionary Entrance 8 3. Information and the Brain: A Bit of Shannon, a Handful of Gödel 25 4 Fueling the Brain with Dynamics: Biological Solenoids and Functional Principles 49 5. The Relativistic Brain Theory: It All Comes Down to One Picotesla of Magnetic Power 74 6. Why the True Creator Is Not a Turing Machine 103 7. Brainets: Coupling Brains to Generate Social Behaviors 127 8. The Case for a Braincentric Cosmology 162 9. Building a Universe with Space, Time, and Mathematics 189 YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb vviiii 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM viii contents 10. The True Origins of the Mathematical Description of the Universe 220 11. How Mental Abstractions, Information Viruses, and Hyperconnectivity Create Deadly Brainets, Schools of Thought, and the Zeitgeist 243 12. How Our Addiction to Digital Logic Is Changing Our Brains 268 13. Self-Annihilation or Immortality? The Ultimate Choice of the True Creator of Everything 287 Epilogue 304 Bibliography 307 Index 333 YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb vviiiiii 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM Pr efac e When Brazil was offi cially announced as the host of the 2014 FIFA Soccer World Cup in 2007, I came up with an idea to introduce a global audience to the edge of modern brain research and show how much it has to off er for the betterment of human lives. After fi ve years of planning, I approached the president of Brazil and the secretary-general of FIFA to propose running a sci- entifi c demonstration during the opening ceremony of the upcoming World Cup. The central goal of this event would be to highlight the fact that, thanks to new technological developments and major insights on the basic operation of the human brain, neuroscientists were getting close to achieving a mag- nifi cent feat: restoring mobility to millions of people worldwide paralyzed by serious spinal cord injuries. To those in charge of the World Cup’s opening ceremony, I proposed having a young Brazilian, completely paralyzed from the chest down by a spinal cord injury, deliver the symbolic opening kickoff of the World Cup. In reply, the event organizers immediately posed to me the question anybody confronted with such an outrageous plan would ask: how will a paraplegic deliver such a kick? My answer bewildered them even more: by using a lower-limb robotic exoskeleton directly controlled by his or her brain, I said nonchalantly. To my total surprise, the organizers agreed. The easy part was done. Now came the tough part: actually pulling it off . To do this, I created the Walk Again Project, an international nonprofi t scientifi c consortium. In a matter of months, dozens of engineers, neurosci- entists, roboticists, computer scientists, physicians, rehabilitation personnel, and a large variety of technicians from twenty-fi ve countries joined us. The next eighteen months were the craziest of my life, and possibly in the lives YY77664433--NNiicchhoolleelliiss..iinnddbb iixx 99//2200//1199 77::2255 AAMM