The Trolley Problem PDF
Preview The Trolley Problem
The Trolley Problem TheTrolleyProblemisoneofthemostintensivelydiscussedandcontro- versial puzzles in contemporary moral philosophy. Over the last half- century,ithasalsobecomesomethingofaculturalphenomenon,having been the subject of scientific experiments, online polls, television pro- grams,computergames,andseveralpopularbooks.Thisvolumeoffers newlywrittenchaptersonarangeoftopicsincludingtheformulationof theTrolleyProblemanditsstandardvariations;theevaluationofdiffer- ent forms of moral theory; the neuroscience and social psychology of moral behavior; and the application of thought experiments to moral dilemmas in real life. The chapters are written by leading experts on moral theory, applied philosophy, neuroscience, and social psychology, and include several authors who have set the terms of the ongoing debates.Thevolumewillbevaluableforstudentsandscholarsworking onanyaspectoftheTrolleyProblemanditsintellectualsignificance. Hallvard Lillehammer is Professor of Philosophy in the School of Social Sciences,HistoryandPhilosophyatBirkbeck,UniversityofLondon.Heis theauthorofCompanionsinGuilt:ArgumentsforEthicalObjectivity(2007). Classic Philosophical Arguments Over the centuries, a number of individual arguments have formed a crucial part of philosophical enquiry. The volumes in this series examine these arguments, looking at the ramifications and applications which they have come to have, the challenges which they have encountered, and the ways in which they have stood the test of time. Titlesintheseries The Prisoner’s Dilemma Edited by Martin Peterson The OriginalPosition Edited by Timothy Hinton The Brain ina Vat Edited by Sanford C. Goldberg Pascal’s Wager Edited by Paul Bartha and Lawrence Pasternack Ontological Arguments Edited by Graham Oppy Newcomb’s Problem Edited by Arif Ahmed The GettierProblem Edited by Stephen Hetherington The Naturalistic Fallacy Edited by Neil Sinclair The Sorites Paradox Edited by Sergi Oms and Elia Zardini The Knowledge Argument Edited by Sam Coleman The Trolley Problem Edited by Hallvard Lillehammer The Trolley Problem Edited by Hallvard Lillehammer Birkbeck, University of London ShaftesburyRoad,CambridgeCB28EA,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467 CambridgeUniversityPressispartofCambridgeUniversityPress&Assessment, adepartmentoftheUniversityofCambridge. WesharetheUniversity’smissiontocontributetosocietythroughthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781009255622 DOI:10.1017/9781009255615 ©CambridgeUniversityPress&Assessment2023 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisions ofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytake placewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress&Assessment. Firstpublished2023 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Lillehammer,Hallvard,1970-editor. Title:Thetrolleyproblem/editedbyHallvardLillehammer,Birkbeck,UniversityofLondon. Description:Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2022.|Series:Classicphilosophicalarguments| Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2022041535(print)|LCCN2022041536(ebook)|ISBN9781009255622(hardback) |ISBN9781009255592(paperback)|ISBN9781009255615(epub) Subjects:LCSH:Consequentialism(Ethics)|Doubleeffect(Ethics)|Decisionmaking–Moraland ethicalaspects.|Responsibility. Classification:LCCBJ1500.C63T762022 (print)|LCCBJ1500.C63 (ebook)|DDC171/.5–dc23/eng/ 20220919 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022041535 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022041536 ISBN978-1-009-25562-2Hardback ISBN978-1-009-25559-2Paperback CambridgeUniversityPress&Assessmenthasnoresponsibilityforthepersistence oraccuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhis publicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwill remain,accurateorappropriate. Contents List oftables page vii List ofcontributors viii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 HallvardLillehammer 1 Keeping track of yourtrolleys:Origins and destinations 7 HallvardLillehammer 2 Shunted trolleysand other diversions:Solving Thomson’s puzzles 25 WilliamJ.FitzPatrick 3 Must we turnthe trolley? 42 PeterA.Graham 4 Non-consequentialism inlightof the trolley problem 59 F.M.Kamm 5 Non-consequentialist principlesunderconditions of uncertainty: Aframework 79 DanaKayNelkinandSamuelC.Rickless 6 The trolleyproblem and thedoing/allowingdistinction 101 FionaWoollard 7 Virtue ethicsand the trolley problem 116 LiezlvanZyl 8 Trolley dilemmasfrom the philosopher’s armchairto the psychologist’s lab 134 GuyKahaneandJimA.C.Everett 9 Trolleyology:what it is,why it matters, what it’s taught us,and how it’s been misunderstood 158 JoshuaD.Greene vi Contents 10 Cross-culturalresponsesto trolley problemsandtheir implications formoralphilosophy or: How Ilearned to stop worrying and love(constructivist)relativism 182 NatalieGold 11 Ethical accident algorithms for autonomous vehicles and the trolleyproblem: Three philosophicaldisputes 211 SvenNyholm 12 Anewtrolley problem? 231 EzioDiNucci Bibliography 244 Index 264 Tables 10.1 Inclusion and exclusioncriteria page 185 10.2 Comparison of moral judgmentsin Bystanderand Footbridge withinnon-Western cultures 186 10.3 Cross-cultural comparisons: comparing the same scenario across two or more cultures 189 Contributors EzioDiNucciisProfessorofBioethicsandDirectoroftheCentreforMedical ScienceandTechnologyStudiesattheUniversityofCopenhagen. JimA.C.EverettisSeniorLecturerinPsychologyattheUniversityofKent. WilliamJ.FitzPatrickistheGideonWebsterBurbankProfessorofIntellectual andMoralPhilosophyattheUniversityofRochester. NatalieGoldisSeniorDirectorattheBehaviouralPracticeKantarPublicUKand VisitingProfessorinPracticeattheLondonSchoolofEconomics. PeterA.GrahamisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityof MassachusettsAmherst. JoshuaD.GreeneisProfessorofPsychologyandamemberoftheCenterfor BrainSciencefacultyatHarvardUniversity. GuyKahaneisProfessorofMoralPhilosophyattheUniversityofOxford,and FellowandTutorinPhilosophyatPembrokeCollege,Oxford. F.M.KammistheHenryRutgersUniversityProfessorofPhilosophyand DistinguishedProfessorofPhilosophy,DepartmentofPhilosophy, RutgersUniversity. HallvardLillehammerisProfessorofPhilosophyintheSchoolofSocialSciences, HistoryandPhilosophyatBirkbeck,UniversityofLondon. DanaKayNelkinisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofCaliforniaSan Diego,andAffiliateProfessorattheUniversityofSanDiegoSchoolofLaw. SvenNyholmisAssociateProfessorofPhilosophyatUtrechtUniversity. SamuelC.RicklessisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofCaliforniaSan Diego,andAffiliateProfessorattheUniversityofSanDiegoSchoolofLaw. FionaWoollardisProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofSouthampton. LiezlvanZylisAssociateProfessorinPhilosophyattheUniversityofWaikato. Acknowledgments IamgratefultoHilaryGaskinandCambridgeUniversityPressforgivingme theopportunitytoworkonthisproject.Iamgratefultoalltheauthorsforthe commitment and professionalism shown in writing their excellent contribu- tionsduringwhatformanyhasbeenanunprecedentedlychallengingperiod. I am also grateful to Alejandra Peña Lesmes for vital and ongoing support, oftenacrosslargedistances.Finally,IamgratefultothelatePeterLipton,with whom for seven years until his death in 2007 I spent long days at the end of Michaelmastermdiscussing“thetrolleycar”withprospectiveundergraduates in H6, inner right, of the Gibbs Building, King’s College. Atthepointofitsinception,thisvolumewasmeanttostartwithachapterby Judith Jarvis Thomson, who passed away in November 2020. The frequency with which Thomson’s work appears during the course of this volume is a tributetothecontinuinginfluenceofhercontributionstomoralphilosophy.
The list of books you might like
