The Territories of Human Reason: Science and Theology in an Age of Multiple Rationalities PDF
Preview The Territories of Human Reason: Science and Theology in an Age of Multiple Rationalities
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi IAN RAMSEY CENTRE STUDIES IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION GeneralEditor:ALISTER E. MCGRATH ManagingEditor:ANDREW PINSENT TheIanRamseyCentreStudiesinScienceandReligionseriesbringsreaders innovativebooksshowcasingcutting-edgeresearchinthefieldofscienceand religion. The series will consider key questions in the field, including the interactionofthenaturalsciencesandthephilosophyofreligion;theimpact ofevolutionarytheoryonourunderstandingofhumanmorality,religiosity, and rationality; the exploration of a scientifically-engaged theology; and the psychological examination of the importance of religion for human flourishing and well-being. The series will also encourage the development ofnewandmorenuancedreadingsoftheinteractionofscienceandreligion. This ground-breaking series aims to represent the best new scholarship in thisever-expandingfieldofstudy. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi The Territories of Human Reason Science and Theology in an Age of Multiple Rationalities ALISTER E. MCGRATH 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries #AlisterE.McGrath2019 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2019 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018952215 ISBN978–0–19–881310–1 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,ElcografS.p.A. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi In memory of Ian T. Ramsey (1915–72) Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion, Oxford University Bishop of Durham OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi Contents Introduction:ScienceandTheologyinanAgeof‘Multiple SituatedRationalities’ 1 MappingtheTerritoriesofHumanReason 3 MappingtheTerritoriesofScienceandReligion 6 TheAimofthisBook 13 I. EXPLORING THE NOTION OF RATIONALITY 1. OneReason;MultipleRationalities:TheNewContext ofDiscussion 19 ShiftingNotionsofRationality 21 Rationality,Embodiment,andEmbeddedness 22 ReflectionsontheCulturalandSocialEmbeddednessofRationality 27 TheEmbodimentofRightReason:The‘Wise’ 32 ConcernsaboutHumanRationality 35 OneReason;MultipleRationalities 39 Rationality,Ideology,andPower 46 2. MappingHumanReason:Rationalitiesacross DisciplinaryBoundaries 50 OntheCorrelationofRationalities 53 Scientism:TheNaturalSciencesastheUltimateRationalAuthority 56 MultiplePerspectivesonaComplexReality 59 ScienceandTheology:DistinctPerspectivesonReality 63 ScienceandTheology:DistinctLevelsofReality 65 3. SocialAspectsofRationality:TraditionandEpistemic Communities 75 CommunitiesandtheirEpistemicSystems 76 Rationality,Community,andTradition 80 RationalityandDominantCulturalMetanarratives 84 ScienceandReligion:ReflectionsontheCommunal AspectsofKnowledge 89 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi viii Contents II. RATIONALITY IN SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY: A CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT 4. RationalVirtuesandtheProblemofTheoryChoice 95 WhatisaTheory? 97 InferencetotheBestExplanation 101 CorrespondenceandCoherenceasTheoretical Virtues 106 Objectivity 110 Simplicity 113 EleganceandBeauty 117 ACapacitytoPredict 119 5. RationalExplanationinScienceandReligion 124 WhatdoesitMeanto‘Explain’? 125 CausalityasExplanation 129 UnificationasExplanation 132 TwoApproachestoExplanation:OnticandEpistemic 135 ReligiousExplanation:SomeGeneralReflections 137 ReligiousExplanation:OnticandEpistemic 140 Theology,Ontology,andExplanation 143 ACaseStudy:Aquinas’s‘SecondWay’ 145 TheImageofGodandReligiousExplanation 148 UnderstandingandExplaining:AReligious Perspective 150 6. FromObservationtoTheory:Deduction,Induction, andAbduction 154 TheEntanglementofTheoryandObservation 157 LogicsofDiscoveryandJustification 159 DeductionintheNaturalSciences 164 DeductioninChristianTheology 167 InductionintheNaturalSciences 170 InductioninChristianTheology 172 AbductionintheNaturalSciences 175 AbductioninChristianTheology 178 7. ComplexityandMystery:TheLimitsofRationality inScienceandReligion 182 MysteryandIrrationality 182 MysteryinScience 187 MysteryinChristianTheology 190 TheTrinityasMystery 195 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,3/10/2018,SPi Contents ix OnBeingReceptivetoMystery 199 Mystery:AnInvitationtoDeeperReflection 201 8. RationalConsilience:SomeClosingReflectionson ScienceandChristianTheology 203 Towardsa‘BigPicture’:AMetaphysicalTurn 204 TheColligationofInsights 210 ACaseStudyinColligation:ScienceandSocialism 212 ACaseStudyinColligation:ScienceandTheology 218 Rationality:ACohesiveApproach 221 Bibliography 227 Index 283
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