The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Structure IV and Physiology IV

505 Pages·1972·10.625 MB·English

by  Geoffrey Bourne (Eds.)

Contributors to This Volume
JAN CAMMERMEYER F. C. HUNEEUS
HOWARD FEIT D. G. JONES
KURT FLEISCHHAUER G. C. T. KENNY
G. FRANCK DONALD A. RAPPOPORT
RICHARD R. FRITZ MICHAEL L. SHELANSKI
OLEH HORNYKIEWICZ AKIRA WATANABE
THE STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION OF
NERVOUS TISSUE
Edited by
GEOFFREY H. BOURNE
YERKES REGIONAL PRIMATE RESEARCH CENTER
EMORY UNIVERSITY
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Volume VI
Structure IV and Physiology IV
1972
ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London
COPYRIGHT © 1972, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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List of Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
Jan Cammermeyer (131), Section on Experimental Neuropathology, Labo-
ratory of Neuropathology and Neuroanatomical Sciences, National
Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
Howard Feit* (47), Department of Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Kurt Fleischhauer (1), Anatomisches Institut der Universität, Bonn,
Germany
G. Franck (417), Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Medicine,
University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Richard R. Fritz (273), Division of Molecular Biology, Department of
Pediatrics, The University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston,
Texas
Oleh Hornykiewicz (367), Department of Pharmacology and Department
of Psychopharmacology, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, University of
Toronto, Canada
F. C. Huneeus (317), Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad de Chile,
Valparaiso, Chile, and Clinica Psiquiatrica, Universidad de Chile,
Santiago, Chile
D. G. Jones (81), Department of Anatomy, University of Western Australia,
Nedlands, Western Australia
G. C. T. Kenny (253), Department of Anatomy, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Australia
* Present address: Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Medical Cen-
ter, Denver, Colorado.
ix
X LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Donald A. Rappoport (273), Division of Molecular Biology, Department of
Pediatrics, The University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston,
Texas
Michael L. Shelanski* (47), Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Akira Watanabe (335), Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical and
Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, and Laboratory of
Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
* Present address : Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, National Heart and Lung
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Preface
Slowly in the course of evolution the generalized irritability of ancient
protoplasm became transformed into a nerve impulse. This became
possible because of the differentiation of a cell capable of transferring
its reaction to stimulation without decrement along extensions of itself
to other cells situated a considerable distance away, and even to cells
which can store the stimulation and then produce it at will—a process
known as "memory." Such cells are known as neurons. These cells
and their processes together with supporting cells (neuroglia), investing
cells (Schwann cells), various connective tissue, and ectodermal elements
form "nervous tissue."
This open-end treatise deals with nervous tissue as seen through
the eyes of anatomists, embryologists, biochemists, pathologists, clini-
cians, and molecular biologists. So complex is this nervous tissue that
all these disciplines have something to contribute to the understanding
of its structure and function. This synthesis of knowledge is intended
as a reference work for graduate students in a variety of disciplines
and for those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study
who must keep informed of developments in areas other than their
own. It is also intended as a general reference work.
GEOFFREY H. BOURNE
xi
Contents of Other Volumes
Volume I: Structure I
1. The Origins of the Nervous System
G. A. Horridge
2. Histogenesis of the Central Nervous System
Jan hangman
3. Nervous Tissue in Culture
C. E. Lumsden
4. The Morphology of Axons of the Central Nervous System
Alan Peters
5. Fine Structural Changes of Myelin Sheaths in the Central Nervous
System
Peter W. Lampert
6. The Morphology of Dendrites
E. Ramon-Moliner
7. Retrograde Degeneration of Axon and Soma in the Nervous System
Monroe Cole
8. Morphology of Neuroglia
P. Glees and K. Meiler
9. The Structure and Composition of Motor, Sensory, and Autonomic
Nerves and Nerve Fibers
Lars-G. Ε If vin
10. The Perineural Epithelium—A New Concept
T. R. Shantha and G. H. Bourne
11. The Phenomenon of Neurosecretion
Helmut O. Hof er
AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX
xiii
xiv CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES
Volume II: Structure II and Physiology
1. The Morphology and Cytology of Neurons
Totada R. Shantha, Sohan L. Manocha, Geoffrey H. Bourne, and
J. Ariens Kappers
2. The Fine Structure of Brain in Edema
Asao Hirano
3. Enzyme Histochemistry of the Nervous System
S. L. Manocha and T. R. Shantha
4. The Nature of Neurokeratin
M. Wolman
5. The Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Bases of the Mechanism of
Function of the Sense Organ Receptors
Y a. A, Vinnikov
6. Part I: Electrical Activity of the Nerve Cell
Mary A. B. Brazier
6. Part II: Electrical Activity of the Nerve Fiber and Propagation of
the Nerve Impulse
Mary A. B. Brazier
7. Adrenergic Neuroeffector Transmission
U. S. von Euler
8. Synaptic and Ephaptic Transmission
Harry Grundfest
9. Macromolecules and Learning
John Gaito
AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX
Volume III: Biochemistry and Disease
1. The Subcellular Fractionation of Nervous Tissue
V. P. Whittaker
2. Identification of Acetylcholine and Its Metabolism in Nervous Tissue
Catherine Hebb and David Morris
3. Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Nervous System
/. H. Quastel
CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES XV
4. Key Enzyme Systems in Nervous Tissue
E. Schoffeniels
5. Phospholipid Metabolism and Functional Activity of Nerve Cells
Lowell E. Hokin
6. Lipids of Nervous Tissue
J. Eichberg, G. Hauser, and Manfred L. Karnovsky
7. Serotonin and the Brain
Irvine H. Page
8. The General Pathology of Demyelinating Diseases
C. W. M. Adams and S. Leibowitz
9. Metabolic Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Gian-Carlo Guazzi and Ludo van Bogaert
10. Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Nervous Tissue
Webb Haymaker
11. Effects of Viruses on Nerves
George M. Baer
12. Vascular Disorders of Nervous Tissue: Anomalies, Malformations,
and Aneurysms
William F. McCormick
AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX
Volume IV: Physiology II and Biochemistry II
1. Plasticity of Synapses
B. G. Cragg
2. Degeneration and Regeneration of Synapses
Geoffrey Raisman and Margaret R. Matthews
3. Synthesis, Storage, and Release of Acetylcholine from Nerve Ter-
minals
Lincoln T. Potter
4. Neuronal Inclusions
Sydney S. Schocket, Jr.
5. Ribonucleic Acid of Nervous Tissue
Edward Koenig
xvi CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES
6. Molecular Organization of Neural Information Processing
Georges Ungar
7. (5-Aminobutyric Acid in the Nervous System
Masanori Otsuka
8. The Electrical Activity of the Normal Brain
Mary A. B. Brazier
9. The Blood-Brain Barrier
Hugh Davson
10. The Extracellular Space in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System
A. Van Herreveld
AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX
Volume V: Structure III and Physiology III
1. The Nerve Growth Factor
Rita Levi-Montalcini, Ruth H. Angeletti, and Pietro U. Angeletti
2. Neuroglia in Experimentally Altered Central Nervous System
James E. Vaughn and Robert P. Skoff
3. The Pathology of the Central Myelinated Axon
Asao Hirano
4. The Adrenal Medulla
Norman Kirshner
5. Sites of Steroid Binding and Action in the Brain
Bruce S. McEwen, Richard E. Zigmond, and John L. G erlach
6. The Saccus Vasculosus
H. Altner and H. Zimmermann
7. Representation in the Cerebral Cortex and Its Areal Lamination
Patterns
Friedrich Sanides
8. Split-Brain Studies. Functional Interaction between Bilateral Central
Nervous Structures
Michel Cuénod
9. Electrophysiological Studies of Learning in Simplified Nervous
System Preparations
C. Galeano
AUTHOR INDEX—SUBJECT INDEX