The State of Peacebuilding in Africa: Lessons Learned for Policymakers and Practitioners PDF
Preview The State of Peacebuilding in Africa: Lessons Learned for Policymakers and Practitioners
The State of Peacebuilding in Africa Lessons Learned for Policymakers and Practitioners Edited by Terence McNamee Monde Muyangwa The State of Peacebuilding in Africa “On the 50th anniversary of the Organization of African States (OAU) in 2013 the Africa Union (the OAU reborn) pledged itself to creating a conflict-free Africa. That aspiration still remains unrealized, and this study explains why. In lookingbackatthepast50yearsofthecontinent’shistoryitidentifieswhyAfrica is still conflict—prone; in looking to its future it explains what still needs to be done to redeem the AU’s pledge. Written by practitioners as well as academics thisisanimportantworkthatisconstructiveinitsrecommendations,andwritten in an authoritative and engaging style. This study doesn’t pull its punches. It also carries a warning by its editors that good intentions are not enough; unfortunately, they are all too often supported by unintended consequences.” —Professor Christopher Coker, Director, London School of Economics, IDEAS “‘TheStateofPeacebuildinginAfrica’isasophisticatedtourdeforce ofrecent scholarshipontheconceptual,practicalandregionalaspectsofpeacebuildingand peacemaking across contemporary Africa. The volume adroitly questions tradi- tional approaches to peacebuilding in the complex and evolving milieu within which African countries operate, and offers a fresh look at how the economic, social,politicalandculturalfactorsinteractincomplexemergencies.Theauthors use a range of thematic angles and case-study examples to explore and articu- lateinnovative,evidence-drivenoptionsforpolicywonksandpolicymakers.This book will bring as much richness to the classroom and project whiteboard, as it would to boardroom.” —Raymond Gilpin, Ph.D., Chief Economist and Head of Strategy, Regional Bureau for Africa, UNDP New York “Far from a period in which narrations of conflict and peacebuilding in Africa were done predominantly by distant spectators and ‘beholders of peace’, this booksignalsashiftbyprojectingAfrican-ledideas.Notonlydoesitbringauthen- tically African voices to the fore, it offers African peacebuilding perspectives in a global context. It also privileges first-hand accounts of policy practitioners as wellasexpertsthathaveengagedmeaningfullywithpeacebuildingprocessesand activities on the ground in Africa. The editors succeed in connecting the world of academia with that of policy and practice; and they offer a useful model of collaborationamongauthorsfromtheglobalNorthandSouthwhilemaintaining the prominence of the African accounts at the core of the book. This is a bold attempttoshiftperspectivesofpeacebuildinginAfricafromthosethatarebased on the gaze of distant actors to those which reflect the worldviews of the real ‘owners of peace’.” —Professor Funmi Olonisakin, Vice President & Vice-Principal International Professor of Security, Leadership & Development, King’s College London and Advisory Group of Experts, for the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (2015) “Thorough, informative, insightful, and inspiring, this important collection brings together an impressive and diverse set of authors to reflect upon the progress that has been made in peacebuilding in Africa and the challenges that remain. The authors provide an incisive analysis of existing tensions, such as the mismatch between pan African ideals of self-reliance and the continent’s heavy dependence on external funding, but they also offer practical and timely sugges- tions on how to improve peacebuilding approaches and practices. This book will beessentialreadingforpolicymakersandstudentsinterestedineffortstosupport and uphold peace on the continent.” —Devon E. A. Curtis, Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Emmanuel College “Drawing on the experiences and expertise of established Africanists, The State of Peacebuilding in Africa delves eloquently into 30-year peacebuilding experi- ence in Africa exploring peacebuilding in transition in Africa; appropriate strate- gies and tools; regional and international dimensions; and country/region case studies before shedding important lights on key lessons and recommendations. Theeditorsdoanoutstandingjoboffleshingouttheconceptual,methodological and paradigmatic issues in the face of complex conflict, peace and security chal- lenges in Africa, while the contributors deliver well-rounded and mature contri- butions. This book offers timely and stimulating perspectives on the quest for peace in Africa. It presents compelling new insights on the important, yet some- times overlooked, symbiotic relationships among peace, security and develop- ment. The State of Peacebuilding in Africa provides scholars, policymakers, and other stakeholders studying and working on African issues with innovative solu- tions,strategies,knowledge,insightsandanalysestosupportdecision-makingon how best African leaders should embark on peacebuilding on their continent.” —Mathurin C. Houngnikpo, Ph.D., Independent Scholar, and former Professor, Civil-Military Relations, Africa Center for Strategic Studies “Veryfewbooksprovideasbroadanddeepasetofreflectionsandconsiderations regarding peacebuilding in Africa, as this volume. The issues and case studies covered here offer much for the future of policymaking in this area.” —David J. Hornsby, Associate Vice President of Teaching and Learning and Professor, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Canada · Terence McNamee Monde Muyangwa Editors The State of Peacebuilding in Africa Lessons Learned for Policymakers and Practitioners Editors Terence McNamee Monde Muyangwa Global Fellow, Africa Program Director, Africa Program Woodrow Wilson International Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Center for Scholars Washington, DC, USA Washington, DC, USA ISBN 978-3-030-46635-0 ISBN 978-3-030-46636-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. OpenAccessThisbookislicensedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution 4.0InternationalLicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),whichpermits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’sCreative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such namesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreefor general use. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinforma- tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmaps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: © Alex Linch/shutterstock.com The research for this book was made possible by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York. The views and statements expressed in this book are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the views of the Wilson Center or the Carnegie Corporation of New York. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to the memory of Steve McDonald and Congressman Howard Wolpe, former directors of the Africa Program at the Wilson Center, for their dedication and commitment to peace in Africa. Acknowledgments This book came to life out of the Southern Voices Network for Peace- building(SVNP),apan-Africannetworkoforganizationsthatworkswith the Wilson Center to bring African knowledge and expertise to inform policymaking on peacebuilding in Africa. We are deeply grateful to all of the member organizations and their dedicated scholars and practitioners who make up this network. This volume would not have been possible without the SVNP’s relentless commitment to building peace in Africa. Many people contributed to the successful development of this book, which is being published at a time of extraordinary global disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We would firstly like to thank the chapter contributors to this book who have been unfailingly generous with their time during the long and arduous journey of bringing this international compendium to print, especially given the unprecedented circumstances which have marked the end of this journey. We are grateful that you stayed the course with us and produced such extraordinarily rich contri- butions to this subject. We would also like to thank the Wilson Center AfricaProgramstaff,pastandpresent,whohelpedwiththeproductionof this book. We are especially grateful to: Hannah Akuiyibo, Ian Gorecki, Shahrazad Hired, and Gamuchirai Mhute; former staff Deborah Carey; and Africa Program interns, Rosa Ennison, Stephanie Lizzo, and Emily Michels for their hard work and invaluable research, administrative, and contractsupportthatwereessentialtokeepingthisbookontrack.Thank you for your commitment to the Africa Program and all that you do vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS to support its mission. It is a privilege to work with you. Thank you also to Sue Howard, Deputy Chief Financial Officer and the Financial Management team at the Wilson Center as well as Lauryn Guttenplan, Deputy Legal Counsel at the Smithsonian Institution, for their support and guidance in navigating the legal and financial requirements neces- sary to publish this book and to ensure that it would be accessible to as many people as possible via Open Access. Also at the Wilson Center, a special note of thanks to Robert Litwak, Vice President for Scholars and Programs, for his unwavering and uplifting support throughout this project. At Palgrave Macmillan, we are grateful to Alina Yurova for her work in leading the project and, in the latter stages of production, Rachel Moore, and Anne-Kathrin Birchley-Brun, who assisted skillfully andalwayswithgreattimeliness.Iwouldberemissinnotacknowledging my co-editor, Terence McNamee—thank you for your hard work, focus, and dogged determination on pushing the book forward to successful publication, and for being such a joy to work with, including and espe- cially when the deadlines got tight. To David Kaloustian and Inonge Kaloustian, thank you for your support throughout this project. Finally, we would like to thank the Carnegie Corporation of New York(CCNY),whosecommitmenttoglobalpeaceandsecurity,generous financial support, and wise counsel made possible both the Southern Voices Network for Peacebuilding and the research for this book. In particular, we would like to thank Andrea Johnson, Aaron Stanley, and Stephen Del Rosso for their vital support for, and faith in, the Southern Voices Network for Peacebuilding and this book project. We hope this book is part testimony of your investment and belief in Africa and its future. To all of you, I offer a deep and heartfelt Zikomo (thank you) for bringing this book to life. Contents Part I Peacebuilding in Transition 1 Introduction 3 Terence McNamee and Monde Muyangwa 2 Learning Lessons from Peace Operations in Africa 15 Paul D. Williams 3 The Economics of Peacebuilding: International Organizations for Dealing with Victor and Vanquished 33 Vera Songwe 4 Religion and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa 47 Lado Tonlieu Ludovic, S. J. 5 Field Reflections on Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Social Imperatives of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration 65 Betty O. Bigombe 6 United Nations Peacekeeping, Human Rights, and the Protection of Civilians 81 Ibrahim J. Wani ix x CONTENTS Part II Strategies and Tools 7 Sustaining the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda: The Role of UN Peacekeeping in Africa 103 Lisa Sharland 8 LocalPeaceCommitteesandGrassrootsPeacebuilding in Africa 123 Fritz Nganje 9 Three Decades of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in Africa: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead 141 Anatole Ayissi 10 The Changing Nature of Elections in Africa: Impact on Peacebuilding 163 Franklin Oduro 11 Contributions of Early Warning to the African Peace and Security Architecture: The Experience of the West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP) 181 Chukwuemeka B. Eze and Osei Baffour Frimpong Part III Regional and International Dimensions of Peacebuilding 12 The African Union in Peacebuilding in Africa 197 Gilbert M. Khadiagala 13 Trends in SADC Mediation and Long-Term Conflict Transformation 215 Dimpho Deleglise
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