Copyright Copyright © 2018 by Christian Davenport Hachette Book Group supports the right to free expression and the value of copyright. The purpose of copyright is to encourage writers and artists to produce the creative works that enrich our culture. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book without permission is a theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like permission to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your support of the author’s rights. PublicAffairs Hachette Book Group 1290 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10104 www .publicaffairsbooks.com @Public_Affairs First Edition: March 2018 Published by PublicAffairs, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc. The PublicAffairs name and logo is a trademark of Hachette Book Group. The Hachette Speakers Bureau provides a wide range of authors for speaking events. To find out more, go to www.hachettespeakersbureau.com or call (866) 376-6591. The publisher is not responsible for websites (or their content) that are not owned by the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Davenport, Christian, author. Title: The space barons : Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and the quest to colonize the Title: The space barons : Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and the quest to colonize the cosmos/Christian Davenport. Description: First edition. | New York : PublicAffairs, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017053089 ISBN 9781610398299 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781610398305 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Space industrialization—United States. | Industrialists—United States—Biography. | Aerospace engineers— United States—Biography. | Bezos, Jeffrey. | Musk, Elon. | Blue Origen (Firm) | SpaceX (Firm) | Aerospace industries—United States. | Outer space—Civilian use. Classification: LCC TL789.85.A1 D38 2018 | DDC 338.7/6294092273 [B]— dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017053089 ISBNs: 978-1-61039829-9 (hardcover); 978-1-61039830-5 (e-book) E3- 20180227-JV-PC CONTENTS COVER TITLE PAGE COPYRIGHT DEDICATION EPIGRAPH INTRODUCTION “Touchdown” TIMELINE PART I IMPOSSIBLE CHAPTER 1 “A Silly Way to Die” CHAPTER 2 The Gamble CHAPTER 3 “Ankle Biter” CHAPTER 4 “Somewhere Else Entirely” CHAPTER 5 “SpaceShipOne, GovernmentZero” PART II IMPROBABLE CHAPTER 6 “Screw It, Let’s Do It” CHAPTER 7 The Risk CHAPTER 8 A Four-Leaf Clover CHAPTER 9 “Dependable or a Little Nuts?” CHAPTER 10 “Unicorns Dancing in the Flame Duct” PART III INEVITABLE CHAPTER 11 Magic Sculpture Garden CHAPTER 12 “Space Is Hard” CHAPTER 13 “The Eagle Has Landed” CHAPTER 14 Mars CHAPTER 15 “The Great Inversion” EPILOGUE Again, the Moon PHOTOS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES INDEX For Heather All there is to thinking is seeing something noticeable which makes you see something you weren’t noticing which makes you see something that isn’t even visible. —NORMAN MACLEAN, A RIVER RUNS THROUGH IT INTRODUCTION “Touchdown” T HEY CAUGHT THEIR first glimpse of it at 25,000 feet and falling fast. Normally, a rocket dropping like a bomb would be cause for panic. But instead, the four hundred or so people gathered in the employee lounge at Blue Origin’s headquarters outside Seattle were thrilled to see the booster plummeting toward Earth. “Estimate ten seconds to engine start,” the flight controller announced. The employees, mostly engineers, were packed in, watching the rocket in free fall on a giant screen. Some had their hands over their mouth. Others sat forward with fists clenched. Mostly, they were silent, waiting for what would happen next. “Engine start,” said the flight controller. “We have thrust.” At that, the employees started cheering wildly. Just minutes before on this morning three days before Thanksgiving in 2015, the engine had fired to lift the rocket off the launchpad at Blue Origin’s West Texas test site, flying it faster than the speed of sound past the 62-mile threshold that’s considered the edge of space. But now that the rocket was falling back, the thrust had the opposite effect: it was slowing the rocket down, preventing it from slamming into the ground and exploding. Soon the rocket’s altitude was 2,000 feet. Then 1,000. 500. As the ground came into view, fire from the engine kicked up a plume of dust. The employees at Blue Origin rose to their feet in unison. The rocket was under control, descending gently, like a hot-air balloon coming in for a landing. “One hundred and fifty feet,” the flight controller called out. “Seventy feet.” “Fifty feet. Velocity steady.” There was one last flash of the engines, a bright orange glow shining through