The Slow Inward Current and Cardiac Arrhythmias

517 Pages·1980·14.63 MB·English

by  Silvio Weidmann (auth.)

THE SLOW INWARD CURRENT AND
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
DEVELOPMENTS IN
CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
VOLUME 7
1. C.T. Lancee, (ed.). Echocardiology, 1979. ISBN 90-247-2209-8.
2. J. Baan, A.C. Arntzenius, E.L. Yellin, (eds). Cardiac Dynamics. 1980. ISBN
90-247-2212-8.
3. H.J.Th. Thalen, C.C. Meere, (eds). Fundamentals of Cardiac Pacing. 1979.
ISBN 90-247-2245-4.
4. H.E. Kulbertus, H.J.J. Wellens, (eds). Sudden Death. 1980. ISBN 90-
247-2290-X
5. L.S. Dreifus, A.N. Brest, (eds). Clinical Applications of Cardiovascular Drugs.
1980. ISBN 90-247-2295-0.
6. M.P. Spencer, J.M. Reid, (eds.). Cerebrovascular Evaluation with Doppler
Ultrasound. 1980. ISBN 90-247-2384-1.
8. H. Kesteloot, J.V. Joossens, (eds.). Epidemiology of Arterial Blood Pressure.
1980. ISBN 90-247-2386-8.
THE SLOW INWARD
CURRENT AND
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
edited by
DOUGLAS P. ZIPES, M.D.
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis. Indiana
JOHN C. BAILEY, M.D.
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis. Indiana
VICTOR ELHARRAR, Ph.D.
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis. Indiana
•
1980
MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS
THE HAGUE / BOSTON / LONDON
Distributors :
for the United States and Canada
Kluwer Boston, Inc.
190 Old Derby Street
Hingham, MA 02043
USA
for all other countries
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
Distribution Center
P.O. Box 322
3300 AH Dordrecht
The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
The slow inward current and cardiac arrhythmias.
(Developments in cardiovascular medicine; v. 7) Includes index.
l. Arrhythmia. 2. Heart conduction system.
3. Electric currents.
I. Zipes, Douglas P. II. Bailey, John C.
Ill. Elharrar, Victor. IV. Series.
[DNLM: l. Arrhythmia. 2. Heart conduction system.
WI DE997VME v. 7/ WG330 S634]
RC685.A65S56 616.1'28 80-18692
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8892-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-8890-3
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-8890-3
Copyright © 1980 by Martinus NijhofJ Publishers bv, The Hague.
Softcover reprint oft he hardcover 1st edition 1980
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
the prior written permission of the publisher,
Martinus NijhofJ Publishers bv, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands.
T ABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface IX
List of contributors Xl
I. OVERVIEW
1. Historical perspective 3
SILVIO WEIDMANN
2. The slow response and cardiac arrhythmias 11
PAUL F. CRANEFIELD
II. BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE SLOW INWARD CURRENT
3. Voltage clamp studies of the slow inward current 25
EDOUARD CORABOEUF
4. The slow inward current: non-voltage-clamp studies 97
EDW ARD CARMELIET
5. The role of cyclic AMP in regulation of the slow inward cur-
rent III
MICHAEL J. MIRRO, JOHN C. BAILEY, AUGUST M. WATANABE
6. The role of the slow inward current in impulse formation 127
MARIO V ASSALLE
7. Slow conduction in the heart 149
PAUL F. CRANEFIELD, FREDERICK A. DODGE
8. Slow inward current and contraction 173
HARRY A. FOZZARD
9. Effects of neurotransmitters on the slow inward current 205
HARALD REUTER
10. Changes in membrane electrical properties during development
of the heart 221
NICK SPERELAKIS
VI
III. MODELS OF THE SLOW INWARD CURRENT
11. The slow inward current of the rabbit sino-atrial nodal cells 265
HIROSHI IRISAWA, KAORU YANAGIHARA
12. The slow inward current and A V nodal propagation 285
CARLOS MENDEZ
13. The slow response in human atrium 295
MICHAEL R. ROSEN, ALLAN J. HORDOF
14. The slow response in human ventricle 309
JOSEPH F. SPEAR, LEONARD N. HOROWITZ, E. NEIL MOORE
15. The role of electrotonus in slow potential development and
conduction in canine Purkinje tissue 327
JACK P. BANDURA
16. Voltage modulation of automaticity in cardiac Purkinje fibers 357
VICTOR ELHARRAR, DOUGLAS P. ZIPES
17. Depolarization-induced automaticity in atrial and ventricular
myocardial fibers 375
BORYS SURAWICZ
IV. ROLE OF THE SLOW INWARD CURRENT IN THE GENESIS
OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
18. Role of the slow current in the generation of arrhythmias in
ischemic myocardium 399
RALPH LAZZARA, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG
19. Digitalis-induced delayed afterdepolarizations 417
MICHAEL R. ROSEN, PETER DANILO, JR.
20. Triggered activity 437
ANDREW L. WIT, PAUL F. CRANEFIELD, DAVID C. GADSBY
21. Effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on the slow inward current
system 455
LEONARD S. GETTES, TOMOAKI SAITO
V. CLINICAL IMPLICA nONS
22. The role of the slow inward current in the genesis and main-
tenance of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in man 481
DOUGLAS P. ZIPES, ROBERT L. RINKENBERGER, JAMES J. HEGER,
ERIC N. PRYSTOWSKY
VII
23. The role of the slow inward current in the genesis of ventricu-
lar tachyarrhythmias in man 507
HEIN J.J. WELLENS, JERONIMO FARRE, FRITS'W. BAR
Index 515
PREFACE
Since Paul Cranefield published his monograph, The Conduction of the
Cardiac Impulse, in 1975, much has been learned about the role of the slow
inward current in cardiac electrophysiology. Because of this expanse in know
ledge, both basic and clinical, it appeared reasonable to review in a mono
graph once again what was known. When Martinus Nijhoff first approached
us to undertake the task of updating this information, we were initially
reluctant for several reasons. First, we did not feel that the subject could be
adequately and thoroughly reviewed, from the cell to the bedside, by a single
person. Second, time constraints on all of us precluded even attempting such
a task.
However, we were encouraged by several of our friends (' egged on' one
might even say, since they wished the job done but did not want to do it
themselves!) who promised faithfully to contribute chapters on time if we
accepted the task. So we did, and most of them did also.
In assembling this work, we have used the editorial pen sparingly because
we felt that we had invited experts to review their own areas of interest and
they needed little help from us. Naturally, such an attitude on our part leads
to inconsistencies in style, in points of view, sometimes in data or statements
of' fact' and most certainly results in unavoidable redundancy, as parts of one
chapter overlap another. However, from the outset we decided that, although
the book might suffer from these failings, it would prosper from a minimum
amount of meddling by us.
To all contributors we extend our gratitude. The book in fact belongs to
each of them. The adage, if you wish something accomplished, give it to a
busy person, is certainly true. The scientific leaders are all very busy, but yet
found time to write 'one more manuscript' for this book. As usual, they are
paid in the academic currency of self-satisfaction that comes from participat
ing in, what we hope, was a worthy venture. Most assuredly their share of the
royalty will not alter their tax bracket.
A special thanks goes to Robert F. Gilmour, Jr., who helped us review
many of the chapters, to Shirley Proffitt, who bore the extra secretarial load
willingly and efficiently, and to Bettie McCloud for her expert typing assis
tance.
DOUGLAS P. ZIPES
Indianapolis, Indiana JOHN C. BAILEY
January, 1980 VICTOR ELHARRAR
CONTRIBUTORS
John C. Bailey, M.D. Peter Danilo, Jr., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor
Department of Medicine Department of Pharmacology
Indiana University School of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians
11 00 West Michigan Street and Surgeons
Indianapolis, Indiana 46223 630 West 168th Street
New York, New York 10032
Jack Bandura, M.D. Frederick A. Dodge, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine Staff Member, Thomas J. Watson Research
Department of Medicine Center
Division of Circulatory Diseases International Business Machines
University of Tennessee College of Medicine Yorktown Heights, New York 10598
951 Court Avenue
Memphis, Tennessee 38116 Victor Elharrar, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Departments of Pharmacology, Medicine,
Frits W. Bar, M.D. Biophysics
University of Maastricht
Indiana University School of Medicine
Department of Cardiology
1100 W. Michigan Street
Annadal Hospital Indianapolis, Indiana 46223
Rijksuniversiteit Limburg
Maastricht, The Netherlands
Jeronimo Farre
Servicio de Cardiologia
Edward Carmeliet, M.D. Fundacion Jimenez Diaz
Laboratory of Physiology Ciudad Universitaria
University of Leuven Madrid, Spain
Campus Gasthuisberg
Herestraat Harry A. Fozzard, M.D.
3000 Leuven, Belgium The Otho S. A. Sprague Professor of Medical
Sciences
The University of Chicago
Edouard Coraboeuf, Ph.D. Department of Medicine
Laboratory of comparative Physiology Cardiology
University of Paris XI Hospital Box 423, 950 East 59th St.
91405 Orsay Cedex Chicago, Illinois 60637
France
David C. Gadsby, M.A., Ph.D.
Paul F. Cranefield, M.D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor
Professor, The Rockefeller University The Rockefeller University
Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology
1230 York A venue 1230 York Avenue
New York, New York 10021 New York, New York 10021
XII
Leonard S. Gettes, M.D. University of Iowa College of Medicine
Chief of Cardiology Iowa City, Iowa 52242
University of North Carolina
349 Clinical Sciences Building E. Neil Moore, DVM, Ph.D.
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514 Professor of Physiology and Medicine
Comparative Cardiovascular Studies Unit,
James J. Heger, M.D. School of Veterinary Med.
Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Pennsylvania
Indiana University School of Medicine 3800 Spruce Street
1100 West Michigan Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Indianapolis, Indiana 46223
Eric N. Prystowsky, M.D.
Allan J. HordotT, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine
Assistant Professor Indiana University School of Medicine
Department of Pediatrics 1100 W. Michigan Street
Cohimbis Presbyterian Medical Center Indianapolis, Indiana 46223
Babies Hospital, Room 102A
New York, New York 19032 Harald Reuter, M.D.
Professor of Pharmacology
Leonard N. Horowitz, M.D. Department of Pharmacology
Assistant Professor of University of Bern
Medicine & Pediatrics Friedbiihlstrasse 49
Co-Director of Electrophysiology Lab. 3010 Bern, Switzerland
Hospital of the University of Pa.
3400 Spruce St., 668 White Building Robert L. Rinkenberger, M.D.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Kansas Medical Center
Hiroshi Irisawa, M.D. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases
Professor 3900 Rainbow Boulevard
National Institute for Physiological Sciences Kansas City, Kansas 66103
Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444 Japan
Michael R. Rosen, M.D.
Ralph Lazzara, M.D. Associate Professor
Professor of Medicine Departments of Pharmacology and Pediatrics
Chief of Cardiology Columbia University
The University of Oklahoma City College of Physicians and Surgeons
Health Sciences Center 630 W. l68th Street
College of Medicine New York, New York 10032
Cardiovascular Section
P.O. Box 26901, Old Main Tomoaki Saito, M.D.
Room 3090 Research Associate
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190 c/o Mr. Hayashi
Minami Senzoku 1-7-14
Carlos Mendez, M.D. Otaku, Tokyo, Japan
Centro Investigacion del IPN
Apartado Postal 14-740 Benjamin Scherlag, Ph.D.
Department of Pharmacology Professor of Medicine
Mexico 14, D.F. or University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Cen-
Salamanca 40-2 ter
Colonia condesa Veterans Administration Medical Center
Zona Postal 921 N.E. 13th Street
Mexico City, Mexico Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Michael J. Mirro, M.D. Joseph F. Spear, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine Professor of Physiology
Department of Internal Medicine Department of Animal Biology