Table of Contents ALSO BY NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: Title Page Copyright Page Dedication PREFACE Acknowledgements Epigraph Introduction Chapter 1. - NIGHT VISION The Early Years The Middle Years The Later Years Chapter 2. - SPACE, THE FINAL FRONTIER Chapter 3. - SCIENTIFIC ADVENTURES Chapter 4. - DARK MATTERS Chapter 5. - ROMANCING THE COSMOS Chapter 6. - THE END OF THE WORLD Chapter 7. - GOD AND THE ASTRONOMERS INDEX. ALSO BY NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON: MERLIN’S TOUR OF THE UNIVERSE UNIVERSE DOWN TO EARTH JUST VISITING THIS PLANET ONE UNIVERSE: AT HOME IN THE COSMOS (with Charles Liu and Robert Irion) COSMIC HORIZONS (with Steven Soter, Editors) ORIGINS: FOURTEEN BILLION YEARS OF COSMIC EVOLUTION (with Donald Goldsmith) Published 2004 by Prometheus Books The Sky Is Not the Limit: Adventures of an Urban Astrophysicist. Copyright © 2004 by Neil deGrasse Tyson. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, digital, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or conveyed via the Internet or a Web site without prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Inquiries should be addressed to Prometheus Books 59 John Glenn Drive Amherst, New York 14228-2197 VOICE: 716-691-0133, ext. 207 FAX:716-564-2711 WWW.PROMETHEUSBOOKS.COM 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tyson, Neil deGrasse. The sky is not the limit : adventures of an urban astrophysicist / Neil deGrasse Tyson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-59102-188-X (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Tyson, Neil deGrasse. 2. Astrophysicists—United States— Biography. I. Title. QB460.72.T97A3 2004 523.01’092—dc22 2004003989 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Miranda and Travis In the hope that the stars for which they reach sit higher and brighter than any I have known. PREFACE Memoirs are both easy and hard to write. The material was all there—the details of my scientific journeys were either stored in my memory or retrieved from rather extensive records I have kept from early childhood. I could easily assemble the interesting parts and write about them. But I am neither a movie star nor a sports celebrity, nor am I an important political figure. These various professions make fertile lifestyles for the memoir format and typically attract wide readership. In my case, however, I am just a scientist—an astrophysicist—who has tried to bring the universe down to Earth for everybody who wanted to have a look. And, in what I consider a privilege, I have also tried to elevate public literacy in science. Why then might you be interested in my story? In these pages, I share what I believe to be amusing and playful moments of my life in the cosmos. But I also share the segments of my life’s path that got me here, which, for the most part, tacked against the winds of society. The paths include fond memories of mentors—some of whom were ordinary people doing extraordinary things while others were extraordinary people doing ordinary things—and the retelling of traumatic moments where my will, my life’s goals, and my sense of identity were tested to their limits. Regardless of what you may seek in my or anyone else’s memoir, I can promise you that The Sky Is Not the Limit will bring you closer to the universe of ambition; and, as is my life’s commitment, bring you closer to the universe itself. Neil deGrasse Tyson New York City April 2004 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Of the hundreds of people who have been there for me over the years, I single out my wife, Alice; my father, Cyril; my mother, Sunchita; my brother, Stephen Sr.; and my sister, Lynn. Through their continual love and support, they have collectively supplied an emotional and intellectual buoyancy to my life’s journeys. By way of their advice, wisdom, and guidance, I have cleared life’s hurdles and survived life’s challenges. For this, I owe them more than I have the capacity to express. Betsy Lerner, my editor, has supported my writings and has observed my career since my later years in graduate school. She alone encouraged me to write this memoir and I am thankful for her persistence, in spite of my stubborn apprehensions about undertaking such a project. Portions of chapters 5 and 7 are adapted from essays that touched upon my life and were originally written for Natural History magazine under my column titled “Universe.” Beyond the judgments of others Rising high above the sky Lies the power of ambition —Neil deGrasse Tyson