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PENGUIN BOOKS THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES ‘Wide-ranging, ambitiously conceived and intelligently argued… Bobbitt's future scenarios are based on an intelligent and cautiously realistic extrapolation of current security and political developments. We ignore them at our peril' T. G. Otte, The Times Literary Supplement ‘Bobbitt's book is in many ways a remarkable one… breathtaking in its range of reference, forcefully written' David Runciman, London Review of Books ‘Bobbitt's thesis is controversial – but backed by a weight of historical evidence' Will Hutton, Observer ‘The world has changed… This is a bold book, a brave book, and a worthy primer for the essential study of where we go from here' Allan Mallinson, The Times ‘A polemic that challenges the fabric of all modern states' Angelique Chrisafis, Guardian ‘Philip Bobbitt is to be saluted for undertaking an epic struggle to sort through an extraordinarily dynamic time in international affairs' Thomas Donnelly, Washington Post ‘This book is immensely and deliberately provocative… a passionate and worthy effort to make sense of what is clearly a brand new world' Christopher Willcox, New York Sun ‘It is hard to imagine a book by a law professor that has had more immediate impact on world leaders… if you ever wonder what works from our era will be read as The Prince or Leviathan are read, think of The Shield of Achilles' Dennis Patterson, Michigan Law Review ABOUT THE AUTHOR Philip Bobbitt served as a senior adviser at the White House, the Senate and the State Department, and held several senior posts at the National Security Council, including Director for Intelligence and most recently as the Senior Director for Strategic Planning, in both Democratic and Republican administrations. He holds the Walker Chair in constitutional law at the University of Texas. He has been Anderson Senior Research Fellow at Nuffield College, where he was a member of the Oxford Modern History Faculty, and Marsh Christian Senior Fellow in War Studies at King's College, London. He has written previous books on nuclear strategy, social choice and constitutional law. He lives in Austin, Washington and London. THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES WAR, PEACE AND THE COURSE OF HISTORY PHILIP BOBBITT PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London , England Penguin Putnam Inc., WC2R 0RL 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 Penguin Books India (P) Ltd, 11, Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London , England WC2R 0RL www.penguin.com First published in the USA by Alfred A. Knopf 2002 First published in Great Britain by Allen Lane The Penguin Press 2002 Published in Penguin Books 2003 6 Copyright © Philip Bobbitt, 2002 All rights reserved The moral right of the author has been asserted The acknowledgements on pp. 921 – 2 constitute an extension of this copyright page Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser ISBN: 978-0-14-193794-6 To those by whose love God's grace was first made known to me and to those whose loving-kindness has ever since sustained me in His care. CONTENTS Foreword, by Sir Michael Howard Prologue BOOK I: STATE OF WAR Introduction: Law, Strategy, and History PART I: THE LONG WAR OF THE NATION-STATE 1. Thucydides and the Epochal War 2. The Struggle Begun: Fascism, Communism, Parliamentarianism, 1914 – 1919 3. The Struggle Continued: 1919 – 1945 4. The Struggle Ended: 1945 – 1990 PART II: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MODERN STATE AND ITS CONSTITUTIONAL ORDERS 5. Strategy and the Constitutional Order 6. From Princes to Princely States: 1494 – 1648 7. From Kingly States to Territorial States: 1648 – 1776 8. From State-Nations to Nation-States: 1776 – 1914 9. The Study of the Modern State PART III: THE HISTORIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE LONG WAR 10. The Market-State 11. Strategic Choices 12. Strategy and the Market-State 13. The Wars of the Market-State: Conclusion to Book I Plates I – V BOOK II: STATES OF PEACE Introduction: The Origin of International Law in the Constitutional Order PART I: THE SOCIETY OF NATION-STATES 14. Colonel House and a World Made of Law 15. The Kitty Genovese Incident and the War in Bosnia 16. The Death of the Society of Nation-States PART II: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY OF STATES AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER 17. Peace and the International Order 18. The Treaty of Augsburg 19. The Peace of Westphalia 20. The Treaty of Utrecht 21. The Congress of Vienna 22. The Versailles Treaty 23. The Peace of Paris PART III: THE SOCIETY OF MARKET-STATES 24. Challenges to the New International Order 25. Possible Worlds 26. The Coming Age of War and Peace 27. Peace in the Society of Market-States: Conclusion to Book II Epilogue Postscript: The Indian Summer Appendix A Note on Eurocentrism A Note on Causality A Note on Periodicity Notes Bibliography Acknowledgments Annotated Index
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