The Science of ADHD: A Guide for Parents and Professionals

394 Pages·2011·2.46 MB·English

by  Chris Chandler

Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Dedication
Title page
Copyright page
Boxes, Tables, and Figures
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 What is ADHD?
What Does ADHD Look Like and Who Has It?
ADHD – Two Faces of the Same Coin
The Negative Impact of ADHD
What is ADHD Like?
ADHD: Science and Society
Summary
2 Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Comorbidity
A Short History of ADHD
Current Diagnosis
DSM-IV vs ICD-10
Is ADHD Real?
Adult ADHD
Is Adult ADHD Real?
Diagnosis and Future Criteria
Assessment
Rating Scales
Epidemiology
Comorbidity – Not Just ADHD
Summary
3 Causality and the Environmental Hypotheses of
ADHD
Causality
Animal Models of ADHD
The Environment
Summary
4 Psychological Theories of ADHD
Impulsivity and Behavioral/Response Inhibition
Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Functioning – Separate
Circuits in ADHD
Working Memory
The Supervisory Attentional System
Brown’s Executive Functioning Model
The Cognitive-Energetic Model
Summary
5 The Genetics of ADHD
The Evidence for (and against) ADHD as a Genetically
Inherited Disorder
Evolution and the Continuation of ADHD
Molecular Genetics
Summary
6 The Neuroscience of ADHD
The Brain: A Brief Guide to Development and Neuroanatomy
Regions of the Brain
A Brief Account of Imaging the Brain
The Brain in ADHD
Structural Changes
Gray and White Matter
The Frontal Lobes
The Basal Ganglia
The Cerebellum
Functional Significance
Functional Imaging of ADHD
Psychophysiological Studies
The Fronto-Striatal Circuits
Summary
7 Psychostimulant Treatment of ADHD
A Brief Review of the Neuropharmacology
Pharmacotherapy in ADHD
The Pharmacology and Efficacy of Psychostimulants Used in
Treating ADHD
The Pharmacology of Methylphenidate
The Pharmacology of Amphetamine
Clinical Effects of Methylphenidate and Amphetamine
The MTA Study
Side-Effects of Amphetamine and Methylphenidate
Pemoline
Nicotine
Tolerance and Withdrawal
Psychopharmacology: From Treatment to Theory
Hypo/Hyperfunctioning DA in ADHD
Grace’s Tonic and the Phasic Account of ADHD
A Dynamic Developmental Theory of ADHD
The Rate-Dependent Hypothesis and the Effects of
Psychostimulants
Noradrenaline
Summary
8 Non-Stimulant Medications and Non-
Pharmacological Treatments
Non-Stimulant Medications
How Do These Drugs Fit into Theoretical Accounts of ADHD?
Non-Pharmacological Treatments
Alternative Treatments
Summary
9 Addiction, Reward, and ADHD
Addiction
Addiction in ADHD
Are ADHD Subtypes Linked to Any Particular Drugs?
Amphetamines, Methylphenidate, and Addiction
Methylphenidate Treatment and Addiction
Drugs, Cannabis, and Psychiatry
Methylphenidate: Slow Release and the Treatment of Cocaine
and Amphetamine Addiction
Methylphenidate and Long-Term Neural Changes
Reward Deficiency in ADHD
Impulsivity in SUD and ADHD (Revisited)
Summary
10 The Past, Present, and Future Science of ADHD
Towards a Better Understanding and Treatment of ADHD
What Do the NICE Guidelines on ADHD Really State?
Glossary
References
Index
To Max and Guy

This edition first published 2010
© 2010 Chris Chandler
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chandler, Chris, 1966–
The science of ADHD : a guide for parents and professionals / Chris Chandler.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-6234-0 (hardback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4051-6235-7
(pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4443-4150-8 (ebk) – ISBN 978-1-4443-4081-5
(ebk) 1. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. WS 350.8.A8 C455s
2011]
RJ506.H9C47 2011
618.92'8589–dc22
2010011917
A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.