General Editors David Coghlan Trinity College Dublin Mary Brydon-Miller University of Cincinnati Associate Editors Victor J. Friedman Davydd J. Greenwood Shankar Sankaran Emek Yezreel College Cornell University University of Technology, Sydney Editorial Board Bob Dick Sarah Flicker Independent scholar York University Patricia Gaya Meghna Guhathakurta University of Bristol Research Initiatives, Bangladesh (RIB) Budd Hall Namrata Jaitli University of Victoria Society for Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA) Rajesh Tandon Society for Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA) Managing Editor Juanjuan Zhao University of Cincinnati © 2014 SAGE Publications, Ltd. © Introduction and editorial arrangement by David Coghlan and Mary Brydon-Miller, 2014 FOR INFORMATION: All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced SAGE Publications Ltd or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or 1 Oliver’s Yard mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by 55 City Road any information storage and retrieval system, without London, EC1Y 1SP permission in writing from the publisher. United Kingdom Printed in the United Kingdom. SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thousand Oaks, California 91320 United States of America The SAGE encyclopedia of action research / general editors, David Coghlan, Trinity College Dublin, Mary SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. Brydon-Miller, University of Cincinnati. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area volumes cm Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India Includes bibliographical references and index. SAGE Publications Asia-Pacifi c Pte. Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84920-027-1 (hardcover) 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub 1. Action research–Encyclopedias. I. Coghlan, David. Singapore 049483 II. Brydon-Miller, Mary. H62.E58185 2014 001.403–dc23 2014003663 Publisher: Delia Martinez Alfonso Editorial Assistant: Colette Wilson Developmental Editor: Judi Burger Production Editor: Tracy Buyan Copy Editor: QuADS Prepress (P) Ltd. Typesetter: Hurix Systems (P) Ltd. Proofreaders: Kristin Bergstad, Lawrence W. Baker Indexer: Maria Sosnowski Cover Designer: Candice Harman Marketing Manager: Teri Williams 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Volume 1 List of Entries vii Reader’s Guide xi About the General Editors xv About the Associate Editors xvi About the Editorial Board xvii Contributors xix Introduction xxv Entries A 1 E 285 B 73 F 333 C 85 G 373 D 239 H 391 Volume 2 List of Entries vii Entries I 427 Q 663 J 469 R 675 K 475 S 693 L 485 T 755 M 519 U 799 N 547 V 803 O 567 W 813 P 583 Y 831 Index 835 List of Entries Academic Discourse Capacity Building Action Anthropology Case Study Action Evaluation Centre for Action Research in Professional Practice Action Learning Chataway, Cynthia Joy Action Learning and Action Research Association Christian Spirituality of Action (ALARA). See World Congresses of Action Citizen Participation Research Citizen Report Card Action Science Citizen Science Action Turn, The Citizens’ Juries Activity Theory Classroom-Based Action Research Adult Education Clinical Inquiry Advocacy and Inquiry Co-Generative Learning Aesthetics Cognitive Mapping Agency Collaborative Action Research Agriculture and Ecological Integrity Collaborative Action Research Network Alinsky, Saul Collaborative Data Analysis Antigonish Movement Collaborative Developmental Action Inquiry Anti-Oppression Research Collaborative Management Research Appreciative Inquiry Communicative Action. See Critical Participatory Appreciative Inquiry and Research Action Research Methodology Communicative Space. See Critical Participatory Appreciative Inquiry and Sustainable Action Research Value Creation Communitarianism Appreciative Intelligence Communities of Practice Argyris, Chris Community Design Centres Arts-Based Action Research Community Development Asset Mapping Community Dialogue Asset-Based Community Development Community Mapping Association of Maya Ixil Women. See Maya Women Community of Inquiry of Chajul Community-Based Participatory Research Authenticity Community-Based Research Autobiography Community-Campus Partnerships for Health Community-University Partnership Programme Bakhtinian Dialogism Community-University Research Partnerships Banking Education. See Conscientization Complexity Theory Bateson, Gregory Comprehensive District Planning Bildung Computer-Based Instruction Boal, Augusto Concept Mapping Bricolage Process Conflict Management viii LIST OF ENTRIES Confucian Principles Facilitation Conscientization Fals Borda, Orlando Constructivism Feminism Convergent Interviewing Feminist Ethics Co-Operative Inquiry Feminist Participatory Action Research Cornell Participatory Action Research Network Field Theory Covenantal Ethics First Person Action Research Criminal Justice Systems Fishbone Diagram Critical Action Learning Focus Groups Critical Constructivism Folk High School Movement Critical Friend Force Field Analysis Critical Participatory Action Research Fourth Generation Evaluation. See Authenticity Critical Pedagogy Frankfurt School Critical Race Theory Freire, Paulo Critical Realism Critical Reference Group Gadamer, Hans-Georg Critical Reflection Gender Issues Critical Theory. See Frankfurt School Generalizability Critical Utopian Action Research Geographic Information Systems Cycles of Action and Reflection Global Alliance on Community-Engaged Research Gonogobeshona Data Analysis Grameen Bank Democratic Dialogue Gramsci, Antonio. See Hegemony Descriptive Review Grounded Theory Design Research Development Action Research Hawaiian Epistemology Development Coalitions Health Care Dewey, John Health Education Dialogic Inquiry Health Promotion Dialogue Hegemony Dialogue Conferences Hermeneutics Dig Where You Stand Movement Heteroglossia Digital Storytelling Heutagogy Disabled People’s Organizations Higher Education Discourse Analysis Highlander Folk School. See Highlander Research Disseminating Action Research and Education Center Dissertation Writing Highlander Research and Education Center Double-Loop Learning HIV Prevention and Support Horton, Myles Educational Action Research Human Rights Emery, Fred Human Subjects Review. See Institutional Review Empowerment Board Engaged Scholarship Humanism Environment and Climate Change Environmental Justice Identity Epistemology Indigenist Research Epistemology of Practice. See Practical Indigenous Research Ethics and Practice Knowing Indigenous Research Methods Ethics and Moral Decision-Making Information and Communications Technology and Ethics Protocols. See Institutional Review Board Organizational Change Ethnography Information Systems Evaluation Insider Action Research Evaluative Inquiry Institute of Development Studies Experiential Knowing Institutional Review Board Experiential Learning Integrating Grounded Theory Extended Epistemology Interactive Research LIST OF ENTRIES ix International Council for Adult Education Non-Indigenous Ally International Participatory Research Network Norwegian Industrial Democracy Movement Inter-Organizational Action Research Nursing Interpretive Community. See Listening Guide Intersubjectivity Objectivity. See Philosophy of Science Intervention Research in Management Office of Community-Based Research Interviews Online Action Research Ishikawa Diagrams. See Fishbone Diagram Ontology Islamic Practice Operations Management Oral History Jewish Belief, Thought and Practice Organization Development Jipemoyo Project Organizational Culture Journaling Organizational Storytelling Karma Theory Participatory Action Research Kincheloe, Joe Participatory Budgeting Knowledge Democracy Participatory Design Programming Knowledge Mobilization Participatory Disaster Management Participatory Evaluation Labour-Managed Firms Participatory Governance Ladder of Inference Participatory Learning and Action Ladder of Participation Participatory Monitoring Large-Group Action Research Participatory Rapid Appraisal Learning History Participatory Rural Appraisal Learning Organizations. See Organization Participatory Theatre Development Participatory Urban Planning Learning Pathways Grid Performed Ethnography Learning Window Phenomenology Lewin, Kurt Philosophy of Science LGBT Photovoice Liberation Psychology Phrónêsis Liberation Theology Popular Education. See Adult Education Listening Guide Positionality Living Life as Inquiry Positive Organizational Scholarship and Appreciative Living Theories Inquiry Local Self-Governance Positivitism. See Philosophy of Science Post-Colonial Theory Māori Epistemology Postmodernism Map-Making Power. See Empowerment marino, dian Practical Knowing Martín-Baró, Ignacio Practice Development Marxism Practitioner Inquiry Maya Women of Chajul Pragmatic Action Research Meta-Methodology Pragmatism Metaphor Praxeology Microplanning Praxis Mindful Inquiry PRIA. See Society for Participatory Research Mode 1 and Mode 2 Knowledge Production in Asia Mondragón Co-Operatives Process Consultation Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue Project Management Public Sphere. See Critical Participatory Action Narrative Research Narrative Inquiry New Product Development Qualimetrics Intervention Research Nielsen, Kurt Aagaard Quality Noffke, Susan Quantitative Methods