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The Routledge Handbook of Social and Political Philosophy of Language PDF

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THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE This Handbook brings together philosophical work on how language shapes, and is shaped by, social and political factors. Its 24 chapters were written exclusively for this volume by an interna- tional team of leading researchers, and together they provide a broad expert introduction to the major issues currently under discussion in this area. The volume is divided into four parts: Part I: Methodological and Foundational Issues Part II: Non-ideal Semantics and Pragmatics Part III: Linguistic Harms Part IV: Applications The parts, and chapters in each part, are introduced in the volume’s General Introduction. A list of Works Cited concludes each chapter, pointing readers to further areas of study. The Handbook is the first major, multi-authored reference work in this growing area and es- sential reading for anyone interested in the nature of language and its relationship to social and political reality. Justin Khoo is Associate Professor of Philosophy at MIT. He works primarily at the intersection of philosophy of language and linguistic semantics, and has research interests in metaphysics and meta-ethics. Rachel Sterken is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong. She works primarily at the intersection of philosophy of language, semantics, ethics, and social philosophy. Most of her research focuses on the semantics of generic language and issues related to conceptual engineering. ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOKS IN PHILOSOPHY Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy are state-of-the-art surveys of emerging, newly refreshed, and important fields in philosophy, providing accessible yet thorough assessments of key problems, themes, thinkers, and recent developments in research. All chapters for each volume are specially commissioned, and written by leading scholars in the field. Carefully edited and organized, Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy provide indispensable reference tools for students and researchers seeking a comprehensive overview of new and exciting topics in philosophy. They are also valuable teaching resources as accompaniments to textbooks, anthologies, and research-orientated publications. Also available: THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF ANARCHY AND ANARCHIST THOUGHT Edited by Gary Chartier and Chad Van Schoelandt THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF ENGINEERING Edited by Diane P. Michelfelder and Neelke Doorn THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF MODALITY Edited by Otávio Bueno and Scott A. Shalkowski THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PRACTICAL REASON Edited by Kurt Sylvan and Ruth Chang THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PHILOSOPHY OF EUROPE Edited by Darian Meacham and Nicolas de Warren THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE Edited by Justin Khoo and Rachel Sterken THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF POLITICAL EPISTEMOLOGY Edited by Michael Hannon and Jeroen de Ridder For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge- Handbooks-in-Philosophy/book-series/RHP THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE Edited by Justin Khoo and Rachel Sterken First published 2021 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 Taylor & Francis The right of Justin Khoo and Rachel Sterken to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this title has been requested ISBN: 978-1-138-60243-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-75957-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-16486-9 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by codeMantra CONTENTS Notes on Contributors viii Introduction 1 PART I Social and Political Language: Methodological and Foundational Issues 13 1 Conceptual Engineering in Philosophy 15 Matti Eklund 2 Social Ontology 31 Mari Mikkola 3 An Invitation to Social and Political Metasemantics 42 Derek Ball 4 Linguistic Prescriptivism 56 Alex Barber and Robert J. Stainton 5 Speech-Act Theory: Social and Political Applications 70 Daniel W. Harris and Rachel McKinney 6 On the Uselessness of the Distinction Between Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory (At Least in the Philosophy of Language) 91 Herman Cappelen and Josh Dever v Contents PART II Non-Ideal Semantics and Pragmatics 107 7 Lying, Deception, and Epistemic Advantage 109 Eliot Michaelson and Andreas Stokke 8 Propaganda 125 Anne Quaranto and Jason Stanley 9 Code Words 147 Justin Khoo 10 Racist and Sexist Figleaves 161 Jennifer Saul 11 Protest and Speech Act Theory 179 Matthew Chrisman and Graham Hubbs 12 Defective Contexts 193 Andrew Peet PART III Linguistic Harms 209 13 Varieties of Pejoratives 211 Robin Jeshion 14 Microaggressions and the Problem of Attributional Ambiguity 232 Christina Friedlaender 15 Hermeneutical Injustice 247 Rebecca Mason 16 Social and Political Aspects of Generic Language and Speech 259 Matthew McKeever and Rachel Sterken 17 Language Extinction 281 Ethan Nowak 18 “Laxwalxwash Potamáay Súngaan ‘Áawq // To Be Between the Blind Snake’s Teeth”: Indigenous Language Reclamation Between the Fangs of A (Simulated) Dilemma 298 Shelbi Nahwilet Meissner vi Contents PART IV Applications 315 19 Language and Free Speech 317 Ishani Maitra and Mary Kate McGowan 20 Language and Ideology 331 Eric Swanson 21 Language and Legitimation 345 Robert Simpson 22 How Much Gender is Too Much Gender? 362 Robin Dembrof and Daniel Wodak 23 On Language and Sexuality: Demisexuals, Polyamorous, Bambi Lesbians, and Other Queers 377 Saray Ayala-López and E. Díaz-León 24 The Language of Mental Illness 389 Renée Jorgensen Bolinger Index 405 vii CONTRIBUTORS Saray Ayala-López   is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at California State University, S acramento, and is interested in explanations, and the absence of them, sex and gender in science, conversational dynamics and the many things we can do with words, cognitive externalism, and several questions within social ontology and epistemology. Derek Ball  is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. He has written on a wide range of topics in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and psychology. Alex Barber  is Senior Lecturer of Philosophy at the Open University. Renée Jorgensen Bolinger  is Assistant Professor in the Department of Politics and University Center for Human Values and an associated faulty member in the Department of Philosophy at Princeton University. She specializes in social and political philosophy and philosophy of lan- guage. Her research focuses on the ways that agents’ moral and civil rights ground moral con- straints on informal social norms and communicative conventions. Herman Cappelen  is Chair Professor at the University of Hong Kong. His two most recent books are: Fixing Language: An Essay on Conceptual Engineering (Oxford UP, 2018) and Making AI Intelligible: Philosophical Foundations (with Josh Dever, Oxford UP, 2021). Matthew Chrisman  is Professor of Ethics and Epistemology in the Philosophy Department at the University of Edinburgh. He is the author of The Meaning of ‘Ought’ (Oxford UP, 2015) and What Is This Thing Called Metaethics? (Routledge, 2016). His research and teaching focuses on metaethics, social epistemology, philosophy of language, and political philosophy. Robin Dembrof  is Assistant Professor of philosophy at Yale University. They specialize in meta- physics and feminist philosophy, with an emphasis on social systems and human classifcations. Josh Dever  is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin, who works primarily in the philosophy of language and philosophical logic, with interests in the application of these felds to problems throughout core areas of philosophy. viii Contributors E. Díaz-León  is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Barcelona. She special- izes in philosophy of mind and language, and philosophy of gender, race, and sexuality, and her current research focuses on social construction, conceptual ethics, and the metaphysics of gender, race, and sexual orientation. Matti Eklund  is Chair Professor of Theoretical Philosophy at Uppsala University. He works mainly on topics in metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of logic, and metaethics. Christina Friedlaender  is Instructor of Philosophy at Seattle University. Her research focuses on the social ontology of shared agency and anti-oppression resistance, attending in particular to the intersection of methodology, value pluralism, and social knowledge. Daniel W. Harris  is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Hunter College, CUNY. His work is mostly about semantics, speech acts, and the psychological capacities that make humans such efcient communicators. Graham Hubbs  is Associate Professor in the Department of Politics and Philosophy, University of Idaho. He uses social ontological methods to study topics that lie at the intersection of philos- ophy, politics, and economics. Robin Jeshion  is Professor of Philosophy at University of Southern California, who special- izes in the philosophy of language, especially in its intersections with philosophy of mind and s ocial-political philosophy. She is also keenly interested in animal cognition, aesthetics, feminism, and poetry. Justin Khoo  is Associate Professor of Philosophy at MIT. He works on philosophy of language, metaphysics, and metaethics, and has written about conditionals, modality, and political speech. Ishani Maitra  is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Michigan. Her areas of re- search specialization include philosophy of language, feminist philosophy, and philosophy of law. Rebecca Mason  is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of San Francisco. She spe- cializes in metaphysics (especially social metaphysics), feminist philosophy, and social and political philosophy. She also has interests in epistemology and philosophy of language (especially where these intersect with her areas of specialization). Mary Kate McGowan  is the Margaret Clapp ‘30 Distinguished Alumna Professor of Philosophy at Wellesley College. She works in metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of law, and feminism. She is the author of Just Words: On Speech and Hidden Harm (Oxford UP, 2019) and co- editor, with Ishani Maitra, of Speech and Harm: Controversies Over Free Speech (Oxford UP, 2009). Matthew McKeever  is Executive Associate Editor at Inquiry and Research Assistant at ConceptLab at the University of Oslo. Rachel McKinney  is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy and the Program Director of Politics, Philosophy, and Economics at Sufolk University in Boston. She writes on philosophy of lan- guage, social/political philosophy, and feminism. ix

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