Table Of Content

i THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PHILOSOPHY OF SKILL AND EXPERTISE Philosophical questions surrounding skill and expertise can be traced back as far as Ancient Greece, China, and India. In the twentieth century, skilled action was an important factor in the work of phenomenologists such as Heidegger and Merleau- Ponty and analytic philosophers including Gilbert Ryle. However, as a subject in its own right it has, until now, remained largely in the background. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is an outstanding reference source and the first major collection of its kind, reflecting the explosion of interest in the topic in recent years. Comprising thirty-n ine chapters written by leading international contributors, the Handbook is organized into six clear parts: • Skill in the history of philosophy (East and West) • Skill in epistemology • Skill, intelligence, and agency • Skill in perception, imagination, and emotion • Skill, language, and social cognition • Skill and expertise in normative philosophy. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, and ethics, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is also suitable for those in related disciplines such as social psychology and cognitive science. It is also relevant to those who are interested in conceptual issues underlying skill and expertise in fields such as sport, the performing arts, and medicine. Ellen Fridland is a philosopher of mind and cognitive science at King’s College London, UK. Carlotta Pavese is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Cornell University, USA. ii ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOKS IN PHILOSOPHY Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy are state- of- the- art surveys of emerging, newly refreshed, and important fields in philosophy, providing accessible yet thorough assessments of key problems, themes, thinkers, and recent developments in research. All chapters for each volume are specially commissioned, and written by leading scholars in the field. Carefully edited and organized, Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy provide indispensable reference tools for students and researchers seeking a comprehensive overview of new and exciting topics in philosophy. They are also valuable teaching resources as accompaniments to textbooks, anthologies, and research- orientated publications. Also available: The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding Edited by Michael J. Raven The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Colour Edited by Derek H. Brown and Fiona Macpherson The Routledge Handbook of Collective Responsibility Edited by Saba Bazargan- Forward and Deborah Tollefsen The Routledge Handbook of Phenomenology of Emotion Edited by Thomas Szanto and Hilge Landweer The Routledge Handbook of Hellenistic Philosophy Edited by Kelly Arenson The Routledge Handbook of Trust and Philosophy Edited by Judith Simon The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Humility Edited by Mark Alfano, Michael P. Lynch and Alessandra Tanesini The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics Edited by Ricki Bliss and JTM Miller The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise Edited by Ellen Fridland and Carlotta Pavese The Routledge Handbook of Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy Edited by Daniele De Santis, Burt Hopkins and Claudio Majolino For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Routledge- Handbooks- in- Philosophy/ book- series/ RHP iii THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF PHILOSOPHY OF SKILL AND EXPERTISE Edited by Ellen Fridland and Carlotta Pavese iv First published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Ellen Fridland and Carlotta Pavese; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Ellen Fridland and Carlotta Pavese to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Fridland, Ellen, editor. | Pavese, Carlotta, editor. Title: The Routledge handbook of philosophy of skill and expertise / edited by Ellen Fridland and Carlotta Pavese. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge handbooks in philosophy | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020012636 (print) | LCCN 2020012637 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138744776 (hbk) | ISBN 9781315180809 (ebk) Subjects: LCSH: Philosophy. | Knowledge, Theory of. | Ability. | Expertise. Classification: LCC BD161 .R694 2020 (print) | LCC BD161 (ebook) | DDC 128/.3–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020012636 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020012637 ISBN: 978-1 - 138- 74477- 6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1 - 315- 18080- 9 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Newgen Publishing UK v CONTENTS Notes on contributors ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction to The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise 1 Ellen Fridland and Carlotta Pavese PART I Skill in the history of philosophy (East and West) 27 1 Skill and virtuosity in Buddhist and Daoist philosophy 29 Jay L. Garfield and Graham Priest 2 Skill and expertise in three schools of classical Chinese thought 40 Hagop Sarkissian 3 Volition, action, and skill in Indian Buddhist philosophy 53 Matthew MacKenzie 4 Technē in the Platonic dialogues 65 Tom Angier 5 Technê in Aristotle’s taxonomy of knowledge 76 Thomas K. Johansen 6 Mendelssohn and Kant on virtue as a skill 88 Melissa Merritt v vi Contents 7 Gilbert Ryle on skill as knowledge-h ow 100 Michael Kremer 8 Anscombe on action and practical knowledge 113 Will Small 9 Hubert Dreyfus on practical and embodied intelligence 123 Kristina Gehrman and John Schwenkler PART II Skill in epistemology 133 10 Knowledge, skill and virtue epistemology 135 Duncan Pritchard 11 Skill and knowledge 146 Ernest Sosa and Laura Frances Callahan 12 Know how and skill: the puzzles of priority and equivalence 157 Yuri Cath 13 Knowledge as skill 168 Stephen Hetherington PART III Skill, intelligence, and agency 179 14 Consciousness and skill 181 Barbara Gail Montero 15 Embodied experience in the cognitive ecologies of skilled performance 194 John Sutton and Kath Bicknell 16 Automaticity, control, and attention in skill 207 Wayne Wu 17 Automatizing knowledge: confusion over what cognitive neuroscience tells us about intellectualism 219 John W. Krakauer 18 Practical representation 226 Carlotta Pavese vi vii Contents 19 The nature of skill: functions and control structures 245 Ellen Fridland 20 The intelligence of motor control 258 Myrto Mylopoulos 21 The targets of skill, and their importance 269 Joshua Shepherd PART IV Skill in perception, imagination, and emotion 279 22 Embodying expertise as a performer and perceiver: insights from the arts and robotics 281 Emily S. Cross 23 Motor representation and knowledge of skilled action 292 Corrado Sinigaglia and Stephen A. Butterfill 24 Skill and expertise in perception 306 Susanna Siegel 25 Perceptual skills 314 Dustin Stokes and Bence Nanay 26 Skill, visual prejudice, and know-h ow 324 Keota Fields 27 The skill of imagination 335 Amy Kind 28 Emotion recognition as a social skill 347 Gen Eickers and Jesse Prinz PART V Skill, language, and social cognition 363 29 Skill and expertise in joint action 365 James Strachan, Günther Knoblich, and Natalie Sebanz 30 Self- and other- awareness in joint expert performance 378 Shaun Gallagher and Jesús Ilundáin- Agurruza vii viii Contents 31 The evolution of skilled imitative learning: a social attention hypothesis 394 Antonella Tramacere and Richard Moore 32 Semantic competence 409 Diego Marconi 33 Pragmatic competence 419 Filippo Domaneschi and Valentina Bambini PART VI Skill and expertise in normative philosophy 431 34 Moral expertise 433 Julia Driver 35 A theory of political expertise 445 Alexander A. Guerrero 36 Skills of justice 460 Paul Bloomfield 37 Why moral philosophers are not the most virtuous people 476 Bana Bashour 38 Virtue as skill: self- regulation and social psychology 487 Matt Stichter 39 De- biasing, skill, and intergroup virtue 502 Michael Brownstein Index 517 viii ix CONTRIBUTORS Tom Angier is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. He works on Aristotelian and Neo- Aristotelian ethical and political theory. He is editor of The Cambridge Companion to Natural Law Ethics (2019) and author of Natural Law Theory (2020) in Cambridge’s “Elements in Ethics” series. Valentina Bambini is an Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Italy. Her interests focus on the cognitive and neural underpinnings of linguistic and pragmatic abilities, both in healthy individuals and in patho- logical conditions. She is co-f ounder of the research network XPRAG.it. Bana Bashour is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the American University of Beirut. Her research interests are mainly in moral psychology, a sub-fi eld that is at the intersection of philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and ethics. She earned her PhD from CUNY’s Graduate Center in 2007. Kath Bicknell is a Postdoctoral Researcher in Cognitive Science at Macquarie University, Sydney. Her research draws on case studies from cycling and circus to investigate and describe the relations between thinking and doing in live performance. She is internationally recognized for her sports journalism. Paul Bloomfield is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Connecticut, specializing in moral philosophy and metaphysics. His publications include: Moral Reality (2001), The Virtues of Happiness (2014) and, as editor, Morality and Self- Interest (2008). Michael Brownstein is Associate Professor of Philosophy at John Jay College and the Graduate Center, CUNY. He lives in Brooklyn, New York. Stephen A. Butterfill is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy, University of Warwick, UK. ix