The Role of Public Administration in Building a...

743 Pages·2006·3.69 MB·English

Selected Proceedings from the Annual Conference of the
Network of Asia-Pacific Schools and Institutes
of Public Administration and Governance
(NAPSIPAG)
Edited by
Raza Ahmad
Beijing, People’s Republic of China
5–7 December 2005
China National School
of Administration
ii The Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious Society
© 2006 Asian Development Bank, Network of Asia-Pacific Schools
and Institutes of Public Administration and Governance
All rights reserved. Published 2006.
Printed in the Philippines.
ISBN 978-971-561-616-4
Publication Stock No. 110506
The views expressed in this handbook are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent, and
the Network of Asia-Pacific Schools and Institutes of Public Administration
and Governance (NAPSIPAG).
ADB and NAPSIPAG do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included
in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of
their use.
Use of the term “country” does not imply any judgment by the authors,
ADB, or NAPSIPAG as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity.
NAPSIPAG
Introduction iii
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments viii
Introduction ix
Introductory Papers 1
Democratization and State Capacity in East and Southeast Asia 3
IAN MARSH
The Role of the Chinese Government in Building
a Harmonious Society 19
BO GUILI
Session 1 – Enlarging Citizen Participation and Increasing
Autonomy of Local Government in Achieving Societal Harmony 25
On the Organizational Framework for Citizens’ Participation
in the People’s Republic of China 27
CHU SONGYAN
Qualitative Participation and Social Harmony: A Study
of the Literacy Movement in West Bengal (India) 40
RABINDRANATH BHATTACHARYYA
Enlarging Entrepreneurial Networks of Local Citizens
in Backward Regions of India 57
AMITA SINGH
Local Governance, Decentralization, and Participatory Planning
in Indonesia: Seeking a New Path to a Harmonious Society 69
IDA WIDIANINGSIH
Citizens’ Participation in Local Budgeting: The Case of Mongolia 90
BYAMBAYAR YADAMSUREN
Relationship between the Size of Local Government
and Citizen Participation in Sri Lanka 103
M. H. AJANTHA SISIRA KUMARA and
WASANA S. HANDAPANGODA
NAPSIPAG
iv The Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious Society
Local Government Structures for Strengthening Societal
Harmony in Tanzania: Some Lessons for Reflection 123
MUJWAHUZI NJUNWA
Session 2 - Public Administration Strategies that Help
or Hinder Societal Harmony 137
Changing Relationship with Government: Contracts
or Partnerships in the Delivery of Community Services 139
JO BAULDERSTONE
Targeted Public Distribution System: Lessons from a Food
Deficit State in India 161
JAYA S. ANAND
Role of Public Administration in Facilitating Rural
Telecommunications and ICT 171
REKHA JAIN
Power, Public Administration, and Poverty: An Inquiry
into the Rural Employment Program in India 196
BISWATOSH SAHA and RAM KUMAR KAKANI
Combating Poverty and Exclusion in Nepal 221
TEK NATH DHAKAL
The Quality of Public Sector Management
and Economic Inequality 239
M. KHALID NADEEM KHAN and SYED ABU AHMAD AKIF
Managing Diversity in the Philippines: Is Government
Working Hard Enough to Provide Services in Equal Ways? 271
EDUARDO T. GONZALEZ
Reducing Socioeconomic Inequality in Uzbekistan 307
ALISHER R. YUNUSOV
Session 3 - Innovations in Governance and Public Service
to Achieve a Harmonious Society 319
The Impact of Poor Governance on Foreign Direct Investment:
The Bangladesh Experience 321
QUAMRUL ALAM, MOHAMMAD EMDAD ULLAH MIAN,
and ROBERT F. I. SMITH
NAPSIPAG
Contents v
E-governance in Bangladesh: A Scrutiny
from the Citizens’ Perspective 346
SHAH MOHAMMAD SANAUL HOQUE
Innovations in Governance and Service Delivery:
E-government Experiments in Malaysia 366
NOORE ALAM SIDDIQUEE
Innovative Tools in the Governance of Public Services
and their Implementation in a Developing Country, Cambodia 385
CHHIV YISEANG and ISABELLE THOMAS
Building a Harmonious Entrepreneurial Ecology:
An Understanding Based on the Emerging Experience
of the People’s Republic of China 398
LI GUOJUN
Performance-based Budgeting in China: A Case Study
of Guangdong 410
MEILI NIU, ALFRED HO, and JUN MA
Role of E-governance in Tackling Corruption:
The Indian Experience 434
R. D. PATHAK and R. S. PRASAD
Innovations in Governance and Public Service:
The Case of Andhra Pradesh State in India 464
SEETA MISHRA, R. K. MISHRA, and J. KIRINMAI
The Proper Role of Government in Natural Resources
Management in Indonesia 475
MULYADI SUMARTO
Building a Performance-based Management System:
Increasing the Impact of Community Engagement
in Local Authorities 489
SUHAIMI SHAHNON
Engaging Societies: Institutionalizing a Consultative Mechanism
to Improve Governance 508
HASHIM YAACOB and NORMA MANSOR
Institutional Change in Mongolia: Balancing Waves of Reform 515
TSEDEV DAMIRAN and RICHARD PRATT
NAPSIPAG
vi The Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious Society
Session 4 - Constraints and Challenges Arising from
Demographic Transitions/Imbalances 547
Labor Migration in the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Social
and Economic Consequences 549
ROMAN MOGILEVSKY
Constraints and Challenges Arising from Demographic
Transitions and Imbalances: Pakistan at the Crossroads 555
AQILA KHAWAJA
Session 5 - Conflict Resolution and Peace-Building Mechanisms
for Public Administration 567
Problems of Democratic Consolidation in Bangladesh:
A Cultural Explanation 569
TAIABUR RAHMAN
Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods
in the Development of Society: Lok Adalat in India 589
ANURAG K. AGARWAL
Using Q-methodology to Resolve Conflicts
and Find Solutions to Contentious Policy Issues 601
DAN DURNING
Session 6 - Health Care for the Poor in Asia 621
Health Care for the Poor in India with Special Reference
to Punjab State 623
B.S. GHUMAN and AKSHAT MEHTA
Health Care for the Poor and the Millennium Development
Goals: A Case Study of Pakistan 634
SARFRAZ H. KHAWAJA
Opportunities and Challenges in the Local Governance
of Public Health 644
VICTORIA A. BAUTISTA
Building the Public Health Emergency Management System
of the People’s Republic of China 662
MENGZHONG ZHANG and JIANHUA ZHANG
NAPSIPAG
Contents vii
Session 7 - Special Session on the Teaching
of Public Administration and Policy 675
Innovations in Teaching Public Policy and Management:
The Case of ANZSOG’s EMPA Program 677
DEIRDRE O’NEILL
The Problem-based Learning Approach: Issues and Concerns 692
LUVISMIN SY-AVES
Teaching Problem-based Data Analysis to Public
Administration Students: A Reinforcement of Statistics 699
and Research Methods in the MPA Program
ESTER L. RAAGAS
Assessment Center Simulation as Problem-based Learning Tool
for the MPA Program: A Field Study in Taipei,China 709
IRVING YI-FENG HUANG
NAPSIPAG
viii The Role of Public Administration in Building a Harmonious Society
Acknowledgments
Several members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)’s senior
management have actively supported the evolution of NAPSIPAG and the
organization of this conference. In particular, mention should be made of
Ms. Kathleen Moktan, Director, Capacity Development and Governance
Division in the Regional and Sustainable Development Department (RSDD).
It would be pertinent to note the contributions of Mr. Jak Jabes, the former
Director, Capacity Development and Governance Division who oversaw the
birth of this network and its nurturing until October 2005; Ms. Eden Santiago,
who ably managed the secretariat functions at ADB until early 2006; and the
officials of the China School of National Administration, led by Dr. Yuan
Shuhong who made exceptional arrangements in Beijing for the success of
this 2005 conference. Thanks are also due to Ms. Asha Newsum, former ADB
staff for her inputs during the conference, and to Dr. Claudia Buentjen, Senior
Capacity Development Specialist, ADB, for her useful advice on the role of
networks in fostering capacity development.
The assistance of workshop conveners and NAPSIPAG steering
committee members comprising Dr. R.K. Mishra of the Institute of Public
Enterprise, Osmania University, Hyderabad, as well as Dr. Alex Brillantes,
and Dr. Joel Mangahas of the National College of Public Administration and
Governance, University of the Philippines, must be acknowledged for carefully
undertaking the first round of selecting the papers. Due to constraints of
space and to maintain thematic harmony and maximum regional participation,
we could not include all the papers submitted at the 2005 conference. However,
we wish to extend our profound gratitude to the academicians and practitioners
from the Asia and Pacific region, who provided invaluable contributions
through their research papers and made the Annual Conference a success.
The exclusion of several papers is by no means a comment on the quality of
the papers that could not be included in this volume.
Finally, the National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN),
Malaysia and its Director, Dr. Hj. Malek Shah Bin Hj. Mohd Yusoff and Dr.
Mohd Gazali Abas, Executive Director, NAPSIPAG must be profusely thanked
for their valuable advice and support. A large measure of NAPSIPAG’s success
is attributable to the leadership and human resources that INTAN has provided
over the past year while managing the network’s secretariat.
We would like to thank Mary Ann Asico and Aldwin Sutarez (from the
ADB’s RSDD-Knowledge Management Center) for competently copyediting
and managing the logistics of publishing this volume, respectively. ADB’s
Department of External Relations provided continued support and advice in
putting this volume together and steering it to the publishing stage.
NAPSIPAG
Introduction ix
Introduction
Globalization and the advancements in information and communication
technology (ICT) during the 1980s and 1990s facilitated the growth in
knowledge or learning networks.1 These networks have significantly
contributed in creating and expanding knowledge-based economies and
societies2 wherein performance culture and higher productivity are maintained
through continuous build up, diffusion, and utilization of information and
knowledge.
Learning or knowledge networks are increasingly referred to in the
innovation literature as “soft infrastructure” required to support innovation
systems as opposed to “hard infrastructure” of traditional organizations/
enterprises.3 Effective networks bring about faster development of new ideas,
products, and services and better optimization of research and development
investment. They also maximize the knowledge potential of an organization/
enterprise as well as its responsiveness and adaptability.
Further, knowledge networks provide development practitioners with
access to cutting-edge advice and information in their respective fields and
across sectors and disciplines. Typically these networks are established as a
result of, or lead up to, a learning program or event although they can stand
alone. Through the aid of information and communication technology, they
bring together communities of practice in a wide range of subjects providing
electronic discussions and websites to encourage research and disseminate best
practices and lessons learned. 4
The success of knowledge networks depends on their development into
a space for innovation, experimentation, and learning. These networks can
boost the knowledge base, learning processes, and civil society actors’ capacity
to generate and advocate proposals. Development practitioners claim that
capacity development, institution building, advocacy, and societal change are
unthinkable without considerable investment in improving networking and
learning among relevant development actors. This is why development agencies
invest in networking among their partners to enable civil society both globally
and locally to play a strong role in shaping the ideas and knowledge that
determine our future.5 In line with this thrust on networking, the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) supported the creation of a regional network
focusing on cross-learning and knowledge sharing. We elaborate on this in
the following section.
NAPSIPAG