The Role of Microenvironment in the Control of Tumor Angiogenesis

97 Pages·2016·3.342 MB·English

by  Domenico Ribatti (auth.)

Domenico Ribatti
The Role of
Microenvironment
in the Control
of Tumor
Angiogenesis
The Role of Microenvironment in the Control
of Tumor Angiogenesis

Domenico Ribatti
The Role of
Microenvironment
in the Control of Tumor
Angiogenesis
Domenico Ribatti
Department of Basic Medical Sciences,
Neurosciences and Sensory Organs
University of Bari Medical School
Bari , Italy
National Cancer Institute “Giovanni Paolo II”
Bari , Italy
ISBN 978-3-319-27818-6 ISBN 978-3-319-27820-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27820-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016930402
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
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does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
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T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
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editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
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Printed on acid-free paper
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The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by European Union Seventh Framework Programme
(FPT7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n° 278570 to DR.
v

Contents
1 Tumor Microenvironment ........................................................................ 1
1 Metastatic Cascade .............................................................................. 5
2 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition .................................................... 8
3 The Extracellular Matrix ..................................................................... 9
2 Tumor Blood Vessels and Tumor Endothelial Cells ............................... 11
1 Tumor Basement Membrane ............................................................... 14
2 Tumor Pericytes .................................................................................. 15
3 Tumor Angiogenesis .................................................................................. 19
1 Sprouting Angiogenesis ...................................................................... 20
2 Vascular Co-option .............................................................................. 20
3 Vasculogenic Mimicry ........................................................................ 21
4 Intussusceptive Microvascular Growth ............................................... 22
4 Inflammatory Cells in Tumor Microenvironment ................................. 27
1 Neutrophils .......................................................................................... 31
2 Eosinophils and Dendritic Cells .......................................................... 31
3 Lymphocytes and Platelets .................................................................. 32
4 Mast Cells ........................................................................................... 33
5 Macrophages ....................................................................................... 36
6 Tie-2 Expressing Monocytes (TEMs) ................................................. 39
7 Fibroblasts ........................................................................................... 40
8 Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts ................................................................ 41
9 Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) .................................................................. 42
10 Circulating Endothelial Cells and Endothelial
Precursor Cells .................................................................................... 46
11 Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPCs)
and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) .............................. 49
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viii Contents
5 Therapeutic Strategies, the Concept of “Normalization”
and the Role of VEGF Inhibition ............................................................. 51
References ........................................................................................................ 61
Index ................................................................................................................. 85
List of Abbreviations
ALDH1 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1
AML Acute myeloid leukemia
ANG-1 Angiopoietin-1
APL Acute promyelocytic leukemia
A-SMA Alpha smooth actin
ATRA All trans retinoic acid
BM Bone marrow
BMP Bone morphogenetic protein
CAM Chorioallantoic membrane
CCL5 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5
COX-2 Cycloxygenase-2
CSC Cancer stem cell
CSF Colony stimulating factor
CSF-1R CSF-1 receptor
CXCL Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
ECs Endothelial cells
ECM Extracellular matrix
EDG-1 Endothelial differentiation gene-1
EGF Epidermal growth factor
EMT Epithelial mesenchymal transition
eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
EPCs Endothelial precursor or progenitor cells
ESA Epidermal surface antigen
FAP Fibroblast activating protein
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FGF-2 Fibroblast growth factor-2
FSP-1 Fibroblast specifi c protein-1
GCSF Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
GFP Green fl uorescent protein
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